Human Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning

Abstract Phonetic discrimination learning is an active perceptual process that operates under the influence of cognitive control mechanisms by increasing the sensitivity of the auditory system to the trained stimulus attributes. It is assumed that the auditory cortex and the brainstem interact in or...

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Autores principales:	Stefan Elmer, Marcela Hausheer, Joëlle Albrecht, Jürg Kühnis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/740ab13f61f64cff944a18d7ef926a70
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:740ab13f61f64cff944a18d7ef926a702021-12-02T12:32:04ZHuman Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning10.1038/s41598-017-07426-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/740ab13f61f64cff944a18d7ef926a702017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07426-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Phonetic discrimination learning is an active perceptual process that operates under the influence of cognitive control mechanisms by increasing the sensitivity of the auditory system to the trained stimulus attributes. It is assumed that the auditory cortex and the brainstem interact in order to refine how sounds are transcribed into neural codes. Here, we evaluated whether these two computational entities are prone to short-term functional changes, whether there is a chronological difference in malleability, and whether short-term training suffices to alter reciprocal interactions. We performed repeated cortical (i.e., mismatch negativity responses, MMN) and subcortical (i.e., frequency-following response, FFR) EEG measurements in two groups of participants who underwent one hour of phonetic discrimination training or were passively exposed to the same stimulus material. The training group showed a distinctive brainstem energy reduction in the trained frequency-range (i.e., first formant), whereas the passive group did not show any response modulation. Notably, brainstem signal change correlated with the behavioral improvement during training, this result indicating a close relationship between behavior and underlying brainstem physiology. Since we did not reveal group differences in MMN responses, results point to specific short-term brainstem changes that precede functional alterations in the auditory cortex.Stefan ElmerMarcela HausheerJoëlle AlbrechtJürg KühnisNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Stefan Elmer Marcela Hausheer Joëlle Albrecht Jürg Kühnis Human Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning
description	Abstract Phonetic discrimination learning is an active perceptual process that operates under the influence of cognitive control mechanisms by increasing the sensitivity of the auditory system to the trained stimulus attributes. It is assumed that the auditory cortex and the brainstem interact in order to refine how sounds are transcribed into neural codes. Here, we evaluated whether these two computational entities are prone to short-term functional changes, whether there is a chronological difference in malleability, and whether short-term training suffices to alter reciprocal interactions. We performed repeated cortical (i.e., mismatch negativity responses, MMN) and subcortical (i.e., frequency-following response, FFR) EEG measurements in two groups of participants who underwent one hour of phonetic discrimination training or were passively exposed to the same stimulus material. The training group showed a distinctive brainstem energy reduction in the trained frequency-range (i.e., first formant), whereas the passive group did not show any response modulation. Notably, brainstem signal change correlated with the behavioral improvement during training, this result indicating a close relationship between behavior and underlying brainstem physiology. Since we did not reveal group differences in MMN responses, results point to specific short-term brainstem changes that precede functional alterations in the auditory cortex.
format	article
author	Stefan Elmer Marcela Hausheer Joëlle Albrecht Jürg Kühnis
author_facet	Stefan Elmer Marcela Hausheer Joëlle Albrecht Jürg Kühnis
author_sort	Stefan Elmer
title	Human Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning
title_short	Human Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning
title_full	Human Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning
title_fullStr	Human Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning
title_full_unstemmed	Human Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning
title_sort	human brainstem exhibits higher sensitivity and specificity than auditory-related cortex to short-term phonetic discrimination learning
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/740ab13f61f64cff944a18d7ef926a70
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Human Brainstem Exhibits higher Sensitivity and Specificity than Auditory-Related Cortex to Short-Term Phonetic Discrimination Learning

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