Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake

Eman R Darwish,1– 4 Haitham Kalil,1,2,5 Wafa Alqahtani,1,2 Sayed MN Moalla,4 Nasser M Hosny,4 Alaa S Amin,6 Heidi B Martin,3 Mekki Bayachou1,2 1Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3Depart...

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Autores principales:	Darwish ER, Kalil H, Alqahtani W, Moalla SMN, Hosny NM, Amin AS, Martin HB, Bayachou M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	one-pot synthesis melanin nanoparticles differential sodium content heavy metals adsorption metal extraction. Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/742bf2415177484ca724dc52216ac7cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:742bf2415177484ca724dc52216ac7cd2021-12-02T16:51:55ZFast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake1177-8903https://doaj.org/article/742bf2415177484ca724dc52216ac7cd2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/fast-and-reliable-synthesis-of-melanin-nanoparticles-with-fine-tuned-m-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-8903Eman R Darwish,1– 4 Haitham Kalil,1,2,5 Wafa Alqahtani,1,2 Sayed MN Moalla,4 Nasser M Hosny,4 Alaa S Amin,6 Heidi B Martin,3 Mekki Bayachou1,2 1Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 4Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt; 5Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; 6Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, EgyptCorrespondence: Mekki BayachouDepartment of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, 2399 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USAEmail m.bayachou@csuohio.eduPurpose: Adsorption and uptake of heavy metals by polymeric nanoparticles is driven by a variety of physicochemical processes. In this work, we examined heavy metal uptake by synthetic melanin nanoparticles and analyzed physicochemical properties that affect the extent of metal uptake by the nanoparticles.Methods: Eumelanin nanoparticles were synthesized in a one-pot fast process from a 5,6-diacetoxy indole precursor that is hydrolyzed in situ into dihydroxy indole (DHI). The method allows the possibility of changing the level of sodium ions that ends up in the nanoparticles. Two variants of synthetic DHI–melanin (low-sodium and high sodium variants) were evaluated and demonstrated different relative adsorption efficiencies for heavy metal cations.Results and Discussion: For the low-sodium DHI–melanin and in terms of percentages of metal ion removal, the relative order of extraction from 50 ppm solutions was Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+, with the extraction percentages ranging from 90% down to 76%, for a 30-minute adsorption time before equilibrium. The lower-sodium DHI–melanin consistently removed more Zn2+ than the higher-sodium variant. Electron microscopy (SEM) showed an increase in melanin particle size after metal ions uptake. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of DHI–melanin particles with depth profiling after Zn ions uptake supported particle swelling and ion transport within the particles.Conclusion: These initial studies showed the potential of this straightforward synthesis to obtain synthetic DHI–melanin nanoparticles similar to those from biological sources with the possibility to fine-tune their metal adsorption capacity. These synthetic nanoparticles can be used either for the removal of a variety of metal ions or to mimic and study mechanisms of metal uptake by melanin deriving from biological sources, with the potential to understand, for instance, differential heavy metal uptake by various melanic pigments.Keywords: one-pot synthesis, melanin nanoparticles, differential sodium content, heavy metals, adsorption, metal extractionDarwish ERKalil HAlqahtani WMoalla SMNHosny NMAmin ASMartin HBBayachou MDove Medical Pressarticleone-pot synthesismelanin nanoparticlesdifferential sodium contentheavy metalsadsorptionmetal extraction.Medical technologyR855-855.5Chemical technologyTP1-1185ENNanotechnology, Science and Applications, Vol Volume 14, Pp 101-111 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	one-pot synthesis melanin nanoparticles differential sodium content heavy metals adsorption metal extraction. Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	one-pot synthesis melanin nanoparticles differential sodium content heavy metals adsorption metal extraction. Medical technology R855-855.5 Chemical technology TP1-1185 Darwish ER Kalil H Alqahtani W Moalla SMN Hosny NM Amin AS Martin HB Bayachou M Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake
description	Eman R Darwish,1– 4 Haitham Kalil,1,2,5 Wafa Alqahtani,1,2 Sayed MN Moalla,4 Nasser M Hosny,4 Alaa S Amin,6 Heidi B Martin,3 Mekki Bayachou1,2 1Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 4Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt; 5Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; 6Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, EgyptCorrespondence: Mekki BayachouDepartment of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, 2399 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USAEmail m.bayachou@csuohio.eduPurpose: Adsorption and uptake of heavy metals by polymeric nanoparticles is driven by a variety of physicochemical processes. In this work, we examined heavy metal uptake by synthetic melanin nanoparticles and analyzed physicochemical properties that affect the extent of metal uptake by the nanoparticles.Methods: Eumelanin nanoparticles were synthesized in a one-pot fast process from a 5,6-diacetoxy indole precursor that is hydrolyzed in situ into dihydroxy indole (DHI). The method allows the possibility of changing the level of sodium ions that ends up in the nanoparticles. Two variants of synthetic DHI–melanin (low-sodium and high sodium variants) were evaluated and demonstrated different relative adsorption efficiencies for heavy metal cations.Results and Discussion: For the low-sodium DHI–melanin and in terms of percentages of metal ion removal, the relative order of extraction from 50 ppm solutions was Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+, with the extraction percentages ranging from 90% down to 76%, for a 30-minute adsorption time before equilibrium. The lower-sodium DHI–melanin consistently removed more Zn2+ than the higher-sodium variant. Electron microscopy (SEM) showed an increase in melanin particle size after metal ions uptake. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of DHI–melanin particles with depth profiling after Zn ions uptake supported particle swelling and ion transport within the particles.Conclusion: These initial studies showed the potential of this straightforward synthesis to obtain synthetic DHI–melanin nanoparticles similar to those from biological sources with the possibility to fine-tune their metal adsorption capacity. These synthetic nanoparticles can be used either for the removal of a variety of metal ions or to mimic and study mechanisms of metal uptake by melanin deriving from biological sources, with the potential to understand, for instance, differential heavy metal uptake by various melanic pigments.Keywords: one-pot synthesis, melanin nanoparticles, differential sodium content, heavy metals, adsorption, metal extraction
format	article
author	Darwish ER Kalil H Alqahtani W Moalla SMN Hosny NM Amin AS Martin HB Bayachou M
author_facet	Darwish ER Kalil H Alqahtani W Moalla SMN Hosny NM Amin AS Martin HB Bayachou M
author_sort	Darwish ER
title	Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake
title_short	Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake
title_full	Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake
title_fullStr	Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake
title_full_unstemmed	Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake
title_sort	fast and reliable synthesis of melanin nanoparticles with fine-tuned metal adsorption capacities for studying heavy metal ions uptake
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/742bf2415177484ca724dc52216ac7cd
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Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake

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