Fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.

Aspergillus niger is perhaps the most important fungus used in biotechnology, and is also one of the most commonly encountered fungi contaminating foods and feedstuffs, and occurring in soil and indoor environments. Many of its industrial applications have been given GRAS status (generally regarded...

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Autores principales:	Jens C Frisvad, Thomas O Larsen, Ulf Thrane, Martin Meijer, Janos Varga, Robert A Samson, Kristian F Nielsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/744191f0b5434c5182d840f34d7096f1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:744191f0b5434c5182d840f34d7096f12021-11-18T06:48:10ZFumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0023496https://doaj.org/article/744191f0b5434c5182d840f34d7096f12011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21853139/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Aspergillus niger is perhaps the most important fungus used in biotechnology, and is also one of the most commonly encountered fungi contaminating foods and feedstuffs, and occurring in soil and indoor environments. Many of its industrial applications have been given GRAS status (generally regarded as safe). However, A. niger has the potential to produce two groups of potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins: fumonisins and ochratoxins. In this study all available industrial and many non-industrial strains of A. niger (180 strains) as well as 228 strains from 17 related black Aspergillus species were examined for mycotoxin production. None of the related 17 species of black Aspergilli produced fumonisins. Fumonisins (B(2), B(4), and B(6)) were detected in 81% of A. niger, and ochratoxin A in 17%, while 10% of the strains produced both mycotoxins. Among the industrial strains the same ratios were 83%, 33% and 26% respectively. Some of the most frequently used strains in industry NRRL 337, 3112 and 3122 produced both toxins and several strains used for citric acid production were among the best producers of fumonisins in pure agar culture. Most strains used for other biotechnological processes also produced fumonisins. Strains optimized through random mutagenesis usually maintained their mycotoxin production capability. Toxigenic strains were also able to produce the toxins on media suggested for citric acid production with most of the toxins found in the biomass, thereby questioning the use of the remaining biomass as animal feed. In conclusion it is recommended to use strains of A. niger with inactive or inactivated gene clusters for fumonisins and ochratoxins, or to choose isolates for biotechnological uses in related non-toxigenic species such as A. tubingensis, A. brasiliensis, A vadensis or A. acidus, which neither produce fumonisins nor ochratoxins.Jens C FrisvadThomas O LarsenUlf ThraneMartin MeijerJanos VargaRobert A SamsonKristian F NielsenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 8, p e23496 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jens C Frisvad Thomas O Larsen Ulf Thrane Martin Meijer Janos Varga Robert A Samson Kristian F Nielsen Fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.
description	Aspergillus niger is perhaps the most important fungus used in biotechnology, and is also one of the most commonly encountered fungi contaminating foods and feedstuffs, and occurring in soil and indoor environments. Many of its industrial applications have been given GRAS status (generally regarded as safe). However, A. niger has the potential to produce two groups of potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins: fumonisins and ochratoxins. In this study all available industrial and many non-industrial strains of A. niger (180 strains) as well as 228 strains from 17 related black Aspergillus species were examined for mycotoxin production. None of the related 17 species of black Aspergilli produced fumonisins. Fumonisins (B(2), B(4), and B(6)) were detected in 81% of A. niger, and ochratoxin A in 17%, while 10% of the strains produced both mycotoxins. Among the industrial strains the same ratios were 83%, 33% and 26% respectively. Some of the most frequently used strains in industry NRRL 337, 3112 and 3122 produced both toxins and several strains used for citric acid production were among the best producers of fumonisins in pure agar culture. Most strains used for other biotechnological processes also produced fumonisins. Strains optimized through random mutagenesis usually maintained their mycotoxin production capability. Toxigenic strains were also able to produce the toxins on media suggested for citric acid production with most of the toxins found in the biomass, thereby questioning the use of the remaining biomass as animal feed. In conclusion it is recommended to use strains of A. niger with inactive or inactivated gene clusters for fumonisins and ochratoxins, or to choose isolates for biotechnological uses in related non-toxigenic species such as A. tubingensis, A. brasiliensis, A vadensis or A. acidus, which neither produce fumonisins nor ochratoxins.
format	article
author	Jens C Frisvad Thomas O Larsen Ulf Thrane Martin Meijer Janos Varga Robert A Samson Kristian F Nielsen
author_facet	Jens C Frisvad Thomas O Larsen Ulf Thrane Martin Meijer Janos Varga Robert A Samson Kristian F Nielsen
author_sort	Jens C Frisvad
title	Fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.
title_short	Fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.
title_full	Fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.
title_fullStr	Fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.
title_full_unstemmed	Fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.
title_sort	fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial aspergillus niger strains.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/744191f0b5434c5182d840f34d7096f1
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Fumonisin and ochratoxin production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains.

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