Genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.

<h4>Background</h4>Despite the decades-long use of Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii (BG) as a simulant for biological warfare (BW) agents, knowledge of its genome composition is limited. Furthermore, the ability to differentiate signatures of deliberate adaptation and selection from nat...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Henry S Gibbons, Stacey M Broomall, Lauren A McNew, Hajnalka Daligault, Carol Chapman, David Bruce, Mark Karavis, Michael Krepps, Paul A McGregor, Charles Hong, Kyong H Park, Arya Akmal, Andrew Feldman, Jeffrey S Lin, Wenling E Chang, Brandon W Higgs, Plamen Demirev, John Lindquist, Alvin Liem, Ed Fochler, Timothy D Read, Roxanne Tapia, Shannon Johnson, Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly, Chris Detter, Cliff Han, Shanmuga Sozhamannan, C Nicole Rosenzweig, Evan W Skowronski
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:
R
Q
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/7456dc990b564d8c95e462b76cd16899
Etiquetas: Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
id oai:doaj.org-article:7456dc990b564d8c95e462b76cd16899
record_format dspace
spelling oai:doaj.org-article:7456dc990b564d8c95e462b76cd168992021-11-18T06:56:45ZGenomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0017836https://doaj.org/article/7456dc990b564d8c95e462b76cd168992011-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21464989/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Despite the decades-long use of Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii (BG) as a simulant for biological warfare (BW) agents, knowledge of its genome composition is limited. Furthermore, the ability to differentiate signatures of deliberate adaptation and selection from natural variation is lacking for most bacterial agents. We characterized a lineage of BGwith a long history of use as a simulant for BW operations, focusing on classical bacteriological markers, metabolic profiling and whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS).<h4>Results</h4>Archival strains and two "present day" type strains were compared to simulant strains on different laboratory media. Several of the samples produced multiple colony morphotypes that differed from that of an archival isolate. To trace the microevolutionary history of these isolates, we obtained WGS data for several archival and present-day strains and morphotypes. Bacillus-wide phylogenetic analysis identified B. subtilis as the nearest neighbor to B. atrophaeus. The genome of B. atrophaeus is, on average, 86% identical to B. subtilis on the nucleotide level. WGS of variants revealed that several strains were mixed but highly related populations and uncovered a progressive accumulation of mutations among the "military" isolates. Metabolic profiling and microscopic examination of bacterial cultures revealed enhanced growth of "military" isolates on lactate-containing media, and showed that the "military" strains exhibited a hypersporulating phenotype.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our analysis revealed the genomic and phenotypic signatures of strain adaptation and deliberate selection for traits that were desirable in a simulant organism. Together, these results demonstrate the power of whole-genome and modern systems-level approaches to characterize microbial lineages to develop and validate forensic markers for strain discrimination and reveal signatures of deliberate adaptation.Henry S GibbonsStacey M BroomallLauren A McNewHajnalka DaligaultCarol ChapmanDavid BruceMark KaravisMichael KreppsPaul A McGregorCharles HongKyong H ParkArya AkmalAndrew FeldmanJeffrey S LinWenling E ChangBrandon W HiggsPlamen DemirevJohn LindquistAlvin LiemEd FochlerTimothy D ReadRoxanne TapiaShannon JohnsonKimberly A Bishop-LillyChris DetterCliff HanShanmuga SozhamannanC Nicole RosenzweigEvan W SkowronskiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 3, p e17836 (2011)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Henry S Gibbons
Stacey M Broomall
Lauren A McNew
Hajnalka Daligault
Carol Chapman
David Bruce
Mark Karavis
Michael Krepps
Paul A McGregor
Charles Hong
Kyong H Park
Arya Akmal
Andrew Feldman
Jeffrey S Lin
Wenling E Chang
Brandon W Higgs
Plamen Demirev
John Lindquist
Alvin Liem
Ed Fochler
Timothy D Read
Roxanne Tapia
Shannon Johnson
Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly
Chris Detter
Cliff Han
Shanmuga Sozhamannan
C Nicole Rosenzweig
Evan W Skowronski
Genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.
description <h4>Background</h4>Despite the decades-long use of Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii (BG) as a simulant for biological warfare (BW) agents, knowledge of its genome composition is limited. Furthermore, the ability to differentiate signatures of deliberate adaptation and selection from natural variation is lacking for most bacterial agents. We characterized a lineage of BGwith a long history of use as a simulant for BW operations, focusing on classical bacteriological markers, metabolic profiling and whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS).<h4>Results</h4>Archival strains and two "present day" type strains were compared to simulant strains on different laboratory media. Several of the samples produced multiple colony morphotypes that differed from that of an archival isolate. To trace the microevolutionary history of these isolates, we obtained WGS data for several archival and present-day strains and morphotypes. Bacillus-wide phylogenetic analysis identified B. subtilis as the nearest neighbor to B. atrophaeus. The genome of B. atrophaeus is, on average, 86% identical to B. subtilis on the nucleotide level. WGS of variants revealed that several strains were mixed but highly related populations and uncovered a progressive accumulation of mutations among the "military" isolates. Metabolic profiling and microscopic examination of bacterial cultures revealed enhanced growth of "military" isolates on lactate-containing media, and showed that the "military" strains exhibited a hypersporulating phenotype.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our analysis revealed the genomic and phenotypic signatures of strain adaptation and deliberate selection for traits that were desirable in a simulant organism. Together, these results demonstrate the power of whole-genome and modern systems-level approaches to characterize microbial lineages to develop and validate forensic markers for strain discrimination and reveal signatures of deliberate adaptation.
format article
author Henry S Gibbons
Stacey M Broomall
Lauren A McNew
Hajnalka Daligault
Carol Chapman
David Bruce
Mark Karavis
Michael Krepps
Paul A McGregor
Charles Hong
Kyong H Park
Arya Akmal
Andrew Feldman
Jeffrey S Lin
Wenling E Chang
Brandon W Higgs
Plamen Demirev
John Lindquist
Alvin Liem
Ed Fochler
Timothy D Read
Roxanne Tapia
Shannon Johnson
Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly
Chris Detter
Cliff Han
Shanmuga Sozhamannan
C Nicole Rosenzweig
Evan W Skowronski
author_facet Henry S Gibbons
Stacey M Broomall
Lauren A McNew
Hajnalka Daligault
Carol Chapman
David Bruce
Mark Karavis
Michael Krepps
Paul A McGregor
Charles Hong
Kyong H Park
Arya Akmal
Andrew Feldman
Jeffrey S Lin
Wenling E Chang
Brandon W Higgs
Plamen Demirev
John Lindquist
Alvin Liem
Ed Fochler
Timothy D Read
Roxanne Tapia
Shannon Johnson
Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly
Chris Detter
Cliff Han
Shanmuga Sozhamannan
C Nicole Rosenzweig
Evan W Skowronski
author_sort Henry S Gibbons
title Genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.
title_short Genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.
title_full Genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.
title_fullStr Genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.
title_full_unstemmed Genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.
title_sort genomic signatures of strain selection and enhancement in bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii, a historical biowarfare simulant.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2011
url https://doaj.org/article/7456dc990b564d8c95e462b76cd16899
work_keys_str_mv AT henrysgibbons genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT staceymbroomall genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT laurenamcnew genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT hajnalkadaligault genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT carolchapman genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT davidbruce genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT markkaravis genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT michaelkrepps genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT paulamcgregor genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT charleshong genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT kyonghpark genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT aryaakmal genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT andrewfeldman genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT jeffreyslin genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT wenlingechang genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT brandonwhiggs genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT plamendemirev genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT johnlindquist genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT alvinliem genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT edfochler genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT timothydread genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT roxannetapia genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT shannonjohnson genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT kimberlyabishoplilly genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT chrisdetter genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT cliffhan genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT shanmugasozhamannan genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT cnicolerosenzweig genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
AT evanwskowronski genomicsignaturesofstrainselectionandenhancementinbacillusatrophaeusvarglobigiiahistoricalbiowarfaresimulant
_version_ 1718424173476315136