Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures

The feasibility of substitute building materials (SBMs) in engineering applications was investigated within the project. A geogrid-reinforced soil structure (GRSS) was built using SBM as the fill material as well as vegetated soil for facing and on top of the construction. Four different SBMs were u...

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Autores principales:	Sven Schwerdt, Dominik Mirschel, Tobias Hildebrandt, Max Wilke, Petra Schneider
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	geogrid-reinforced soil structure geogrid substitute building material recycled material green infrastructure Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/746673b017ed41f6ab2c3b127d8fc492
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:746673b017ed41f6ab2c3b127d8fc492
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:746673b017ed41f6ab2c3b127d8fc4922021-11-25T19:01:43ZSubstitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures10.3390/su1322125192071-1050https://doaj.org/article/746673b017ed41f6ab2c3b127d8fc4922021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12519https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The feasibility of substitute building materials (SBMs) in engineering applications was investigated within the project. A geogrid-reinforced soil structure (GRSS) was built using SBM as the fill material as well as vegetated soil for facing and on top of the construction. Four different SBMs were used as fill material, namely blast furnace slag (BFS), electric furnace slag (EFS), track ballast (TB), and recycled concrete (RC). For the vegetated soil facing, a mixture of either recycled brick (RB) material or crushed lightweight concrete (LC) mixed with organic soil was used. The soil mechanical and chemical parameters for all materials were determined and assessed. In the next step, a GRSS was built as a pilot application consisting of three geogrid layers with a total height of 1.5 m and a slope angle of 60°. The results of the soil mechanical tests indicate that the used fill materials are similar or even better than primary materials, such as gravel. The results of the chemical tests show that some materials are qualified to be used in engineering constructions without or with minor restrictions. Other materials need a special sealing layer to prevent the material from leakage. The vegetation on the mixed SBM material grew successfully. Several ruderal and pioneer plants could be found even in the first year of the construction. The porous material (RB and LC) provide additional water storage capacity for plants especially during summer and/or heat periods. With regard to the results of the chemical analyses of the greening layers, they are usable under restricted conditions. Here special treatment is necessary. Finally, it can be stated that SBMs are feasible in GRSS, particularly as fill material but also as a mixture for the greenable soil.Sven SchwerdtDominik MirschelTobias HildebrandtMax WilkePetra SchneiderMDPI AGarticlegeogrid-reinforced soil structuregeogridsubstitute building materialrecycled materialgreen infrastructureEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12519, p 12519 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	geogrid-reinforced soil structure geogrid substitute building material recycled material green infrastructure Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	geogrid-reinforced soil structure geogrid substitute building material recycled material green infrastructure Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Sven Schwerdt Dominik Mirschel Tobias Hildebrandt Max Wilke Petra Schneider Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures
description	The feasibility of substitute building materials (SBMs) in engineering applications was investigated within the project. A geogrid-reinforced soil structure (GRSS) was built using SBM as the fill material as well as vegetated soil for facing and on top of the construction. Four different SBMs were used as fill material, namely blast furnace slag (BFS), electric furnace slag (EFS), track ballast (TB), and recycled concrete (RC). For the vegetated soil facing, a mixture of either recycled brick (RB) material or crushed lightweight concrete (LC) mixed with organic soil was used. The soil mechanical and chemical parameters for all materials were determined and assessed. In the next step, a GRSS was built as a pilot application consisting of three geogrid layers with a total height of 1.5 m and a slope angle of 60°. The results of the soil mechanical tests indicate that the used fill materials are similar or even better than primary materials, such as gravel. The results of the chemical tests show that some materials are qualified to be used in engineering constructions without or with minor restrictions. Other materials need a special sealing layer to prevent the material from leakage. The vegetation on the mixed SBM material grew successfully. Several ruderal and pioneer plants could be found even in the first year of the construction. The porous material (RB and LC) provide additional water storage capacity for plants especially during summer and/or heat periods. With regard to the results of the chemical analyses of the greening layers, they are usable under restricted conditions. Here special treatment is necessary. Finally, it can be stated that SBMs are feasible in GRSS, particularly as fill material but also as a mixture for the greenable soil.
format	article
author	Sven Schwerdt Dominik Mirschel Tobias Hildebrandt Max Wilke Petra Schneider
author_facet	Sven Schwerdt Dominik Mirschel Tobias Hildebrandt Max Wilke Petra Schneider
author_sort	Sven Schwerdt
title	Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures
title_short	Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures
title_full	Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures
title_fullStr	Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures
title_full_unstemmed	Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures
title_sort	substitute building materials in geogrid-reinforced soil structures
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/746673b017ed41f6ab2c3b127d8fc492
work_keys_str_mv	AT svenschwerdt substitutebuildingmaterialsingeogridreinforcedsoilstructures AT dominikmirschel substitutebuildingmaterialsingeogridreinforcedsoilstructures AT tobiashildebrandt substitutebuildingmaterialsingeogridreinforcedsoilstructures AT maxwilke substitutebuildingmaterialsingeogridreinforcedsoilstructures AT petraschneider substitutebuildingmaterialsingeogridreinforcedsoilstructures
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Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures

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