Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission

Degree attestation verification and traceability are complex one-to-one processes between the Higher Education Commission (HEC) and universities. The procedure shifted to the digitalized manner, but still, on a certain note, manual authentication is required. In the initial process, the university v...

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Autores principales:	Abdullah Ayub Khan, Asif Ali Laghari, Aftab Ahmed Shaikh, Sami Bourouis, Amir Madany Mamlouk, Hammam Alshazly
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	blockchain distributed cybersecurity and privacy hyperledger fabric higher education commission (HEC) information security smart contracts Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/746cad15cec7457bbaf21d9e8b5ff754
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:746cad15cec7457bbaf21d9e8b5ff7542021-11-25T16:40:53ZEducational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission10.3390/app1122109172076-3417https://doaj.org/article/746cad15cec7457bbaf21d9e8b5ff7542021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10917https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Degree attestation verification and traceability are complex one-to-one processes between the Higher Education Commission (HEC) and universities. The procedure shifted to the digitalized manner, but still, on a certain note, manual authentication is required. In the initial process, the university verified the degree and stamp seal first. Then, a physical channel of degree submission to the receiving ends is activated. After that, the degree is attested while properly examining and analyzing the tamper records related to degree credentials through e-communication with the university for verification and validation. This issue poses a serious challenge to educational information integrity and privacy. Potentially, blockchain technology could become a standardized platform to perform tasks including issuing, verifying, auditing, and tracing immutable records, which would enable the HEC, universities, and Federal Education Ministry (FEM) to quickly and easily get attested and investigate the forge proof versions of certificates. Besides, decentralized distributed data blocks in chronological order provide high security between distributed ledgers, consensus engine, digital signature, smart contracts, permissioned application, and private network node transactions that guarantee degree record validation and traceability. This paper presents an architecture (HEDU-Ledger) and detail design of blockchain-enabled hyperledger fabric applications implementation for degree attestation verification and traceable direct channel design between HEC and universities. The hyperledger fabric endorses attestation records first, and then validates (committer) the degree and maintains the secure chain of tracing between stakeholder peer nodes. Furthermore, this HEDU-Ledger architecture avoids language and administrative barriers. It also provides robustness in terms of security and privacy of records and maintains integrity with secure preservation as compared to that of the other state-of-the-art methods.Abdullah Ayub KhanAsif Ali LaghariAftab Ahmed ShaikhSami BourouisAmir Madany MamloukHammam AlshazlyMDPI AGarticleblockchaindistributed cybersecurity and privacyhyperledger fabrichigher education commission (HEC)information securitysmart contractsTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10917, p 10917 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	blockchain distributed cybersecurity and privacy hyperledger fabric higher education commission (HEC) information security smart contracts Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	blockchain distributed cybersecurity and privacy hyperledger fabric higher education commission (HEC) information security smart contracts Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Abdullah Ayub Khan Asif Ali Laghari Aftab Ahmed Shaikh Sami Bourouis Amir Madany Mamlouk Hammam Alshazly Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission
description	Degree attestation verification and traceability are complex one-to-one processes between the Higher Education Commission (HEC) and universities. The procedure shifted to the digitalized manner, but still, on a certain note, manual authentication is required. In the initial process, the university verified the degree and stamp seal first. Then, a physical channel of degree submission to the receiving ends is activated. After that, the degree is attested while properly examining and analyzing the tamper records related to degree credentials through e-communication with the university for verification and validation. This issue poses a serious challenge to educational information integrity and privacy. Potentially, blockchain technology could become a standardized platform to perform tasks including issuing, verifying, auditing, and tracing immutable records, which would enable the HEC, universities, and Federal Education Ministry (FEM) to quickly and easily get attested and investigate the forge proof versions of certificates. Besides, decentralized distributed data blocks in chronological order provide high security between distributed ledgers, consensus engine, digital signature, smart contracts, permissioned application, and private network node transactions that guarantee degree record validation and traceability. This paper presents an architecture (HEDU-Ledger) and detail design of blockchain-enabled hyperledger fabric applications implementation for degree attestation verification and traceable direct channel design between HEC and universities. The hyperledger fabric endorses attestation records first, and then validates (committer) the degree and maintains the secure chain of tracing between stakeholder peer nodes. Furthermore, this HEDU-Ledger architecture avoids language and administrative barriers. It also provides robustness in terms of security and privacy of records and maintains integrity with secure preservation as compared to that of the other state-of-the-art methods.
format	article
author	Abdullah Ayub Khan Asif Ali Laghari Aftab Ahmed Shaikh Sami Bourouis Amir Madany Mamlouk Hammam Alshazly
author_facet	Abdullah Ayub Khan Asif Ali Laghari Aftab Ahmed Shaikh Sami Bourouis Amir Madany Mamlouk Hammam Alshazly
author_sort	Abdullah Ayub Khan
title	Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission
title_short	Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission
title_full	Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission
title_fullStr	Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission
title_full_unstemmed	Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission
title_sort	educational blockchain: a secure degree attestation and verification traceability architecture for higher education commission
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/746cad15cec7457bbaf21d9e8b5ff754
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Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission

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