Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.

<h4>Background</h4>In order to assess the importance of environmental and genetic risk on transition from health to psychotic disorder, a prospective study of individuals at average (n = 462) and high genetic risk (n = 810) was conducted.<h4>Method</h4>A three-year cohort stu...

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Autores principales:	Martine van Nierop, Mayke Janssens, Genetic Risk OUtcome of Psychosis Investigators, Richard Bruggeman, Wiepke Cahn, Lieuwe de Haan, René S Kahn, Carin J Meijer, Inez Myin-Germeys, Jim van Os, Durk Wiersma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7472f03337884fa49f041f8e51ddd220
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7472f03337884fa49f041f8e51ddd2202021-11-18T08:48:11ZEvidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0076690https://doaj.org/article/7472f03337884fa49f041f8e51ddd2202013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24223116/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>In order to assess the importance of environmental and genetic risk on transition from health to psychotic disorder, a prospective study of individuals at average (n = 462) and high genetic risk (n = 810) was conducted.<h4>Method</h4>A three-year cohort study examined the rate of transition to psychotic disorder. Binary measures indexing environmental exposure (combining urban birth, cannabis use, ethnicity and childhood trauma) and proxy genetic risk (high-risk sibling status) were used to model transition.<h4>Results</h4>The majority of high-risk siblings (68%) and healthy comparison subjects (60%) had been exposed to one or more environmental risks. The risk of transition in siblings (n = 9, 1.1%) was higher than the risk in healthy comparison subjects (n = 2, 0.4%; OR(adj) = 2.2,95%CI:5-10.3). All transitions (100%) were associated with environmental exposure, compared to 65% of non-transitions (p = 0.014), with the greatest effects for childhood trauma (OR(adj) = 34.4,95%CI:4.4-267.4), cannabis use (OR = 4.1,95%CI:1.1, 15.4), minority ethnic group (OR = 3.8,95%CI:1.2,12.8) and urban birth (OR = 3.7,95%CI:0.9,15.4). The proportion of transitions in the population attributable to environmental and genetic risk ranged from 28% for minority ethnic group, 45% for urban birth, 57% for cannabis use, 86% for childhood trauma, and 50% for high-risk sibling status. Nine out of 11 transitions (82%) were exposed to both genetic and environmental risk, compared to only 43% of non-transitions (p = 0.03).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Environmental risk associated with transition to psychotic disorder is semi-ubiquitous regardless of genetic high risk status. Careful prospective documentation suggests most transitions can be attributed to powerful environmental effects that become detectable when analysed against elevated background genetic risk, indicating gene-environment interaction.Martine van NieropMayke JanssensGenetic Risk OUtcome of Psychosis InvestigatorsRichard BruggemanWiepke CahnLieuwe de HaanRené S KahnCarin J MeijerInez Myin-GermeysJim van OsDurk WiersmaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e76690 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Martine van Nierop Mayke Janssens Genetic Risk OUtcome of Psychosis Investigators Richard Bruggeman Wiepke Cahn Lieuwe de Haan René S Kahn Carin J Meijer Inez Myin-Germeys Jim van Os Durk Wiersma Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In order to assess the importance of environmental and genetic risk on transition from health to psychotic disorder, a prospective study of individuals at average (n = 462) and high genetic risk (n = 810) was conducted.<h4>Method</h4>A three-year cohort study examined the rate of transition to psychotic disorder. Binary measures indexing environmental exposure (combining urban birth, cannabis use, ethnicity and childhood trauma) and proxy genetic risk (high-risk sibling status) were used to model transition.<h4>Results</h4>The majority of high-risk siblings (68%) and healthy comparison subjects (60%) had been exposed to one or more environmental risks. The risk of transition in siblings (n = 9, 1.1%) was higher than the risk in healthy comparison subjects (n = 2, 0.4%; OR(adj) = 2.2,95%CI:5-10.3). All transitions (100%) were associated with environmental exposure, compared to 65% of non-transitions (p = 0.014), with the greatest effects for childhood trauma (OR(adj) = 34.4,95%CI:4.4-267.4), cannabis use (OR = 4.1,95%CI:1.1, 15.4), minority ethnic group (OR = 3.8,95%CI:1.2,12.8) and urban birth (OR = 3.7,95%CI:0.9,15.4). The proportion of transitions in the population attributable to environmental and genetic risk ranged from 28% for minority ethnic group, 45% for urban birth, 57% for cannabis use, 86% for childhood trauma, and 50% for high-risk sibling status. Nine out of 11 transitions (82%) were exposed to both genetic and environmental risk, compared to only 43% of non-transitions (p = 0.03).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Environmental risk associated with transition to psychotic disorder is semi-ubiquitous regardless of genetic high risk status. Careful prospective documentation suggests most transitions can be attributed to powerful environmental effects that become detectable when analysed against elevated background genetic risk, indicating gene-environment interaction.
format	article
author	Martine van Nierop Mayke Janssens Genetic Risk OUtcome of Psychosis Investigators Richard Bruggeman Wiepke Cahn Lieuwe de Haan René S Kahn Carin J Meijer Inez Myin-Germeys Jim van Os Durk Wiersma
author_facet	Martine van Nierop Mayke Janssens Genetic Risk OUtcome of Psychosis Investigators Richard Bruggeman Wiepke Cahn Lieuwe de Haan René S Kahn Carin J Meijer Inez Myin-Germeys Jim van Os Durk Wiersma
author_sort	Martine van Nierop
title	Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.
title_short	Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.
title_full	Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.
title_fullStr	Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.
title_full_unstemmed	Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.
title_sort	evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/7472f03337884fa49f041f8e51ddd220
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Evidence that transition from health to psychotic disorder can be traced to semi-ubiquitous environmental effects operating against background genetic risk.

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