Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan

The Danshuei River Estuary (DRE) in northern Taiwan is a seriously eutrophic estuary due to the domestic effluent discharge. Surface sediment samples were collected from the DRE to study the concentrations and spatial distributions of different fractions of phosphorus through the five-step sequentia...

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Autores principales:	Tien-Hsi Fang, Cheng-Wen Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phosphorus iron manganese TOC sequential extraction method Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74737b54e122444096e502d654892bef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74737b54e122444096e502d654892bef2021-11-11T19:56:34ZDistribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan10.3390/w132130752073-4441https://doaj.org/article/74737b54e122444096e502d654892bef2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3075https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The Danshuei River Estuary (DRE) in northern Taiwan is a seriously eutrophic estuary due to the domestic effluent discharge. Surface sediment samples were collected from the DRE to study the concentrations and spatial distributions of different fractions of phosphorus through the five-step sequential extraction method which chemically divides the sedimentary P into five fractions: P<sub>SORB</sub>, P<sub>CDB</sub>, P<sub>CFA</sub>, P<sub>DET</sub>, and P<sub>ORG</sub>. The Fe and Mn contents in the extracted solution were also determined. The total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size in sediment samples were analyzed as well. The sedimentary total P (TP) concentrations ranged within 537–1310 mg/kg and mostly exceeded 800 mg/kg, suggesting that the DRE sediments were moderately polluted by phosphorus. The P<sub>CDB</sub> was the dominant fraction of P, averagely contributing 58% of TP, followed by P<sub>DET</sub> 31%. The contributions of the P<sub>SORB</sub> and P<sub>CFA</sub> fractions to the TP were relatively minor. Two fractions, Fe<sub>CDB</sub> and Fe<sub>ORG,</sub> of sedimentary Fe equally shared approximately 70% of total Fe, followed by Fe<sub>DET</sub> with 22%. The contribution of different fractions of sedimentary Mn followed the sequence: Mn<sub>CDB</sub> (36%) > Mn<sub>CFA</sub> (29%) > Mn<sub>ORG</sub> (14.7%) > Mn<sub>DET</sub> (14.5%) > Mn<sub>SORB</sub> (5.3%). The sedimentary P, Fe, and Mn within the DRE are easily mobilized because they were mainly present in the reducible fraction. The concentrations of sedimentary TP positively correlated with the TOC contents and inversely negatively correlated with grain size, suggesting that the TOC and grain size play the crucial roles in influencing the distribution of sedimentary P within the DRE. Finally, the Fe(III) (hydro)oxides seems to play an important carriers to adsorb dissolved P because P<sub>CDB</sub> positively correlated with Fe<sub>CDB</sub>.Tien-Hsi FangCheng-Wen WangMDPI AGarticlephosphorusironmanganeseTOCsequential extraction methodHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3075, p 3075 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phosphorus iron manganese TOC sequential extraction method Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	phosphorus iron manganese TOC sequential extraction method Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Tien-Hsi Fang Cheng-Wen Wang Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan
description	The Danshuei River Estuary (DRE) in northern Taiwan is a seriously eutrophic estuary due to the domestic effluent discharge. Surface sediment samples were collected from the DRE to study the concentrations and spatial distributions of different fractions of phosphorus through the five-step sequential extraction method which chemically divides the sedimentary P into five fractions: P<sub>SORB</sub>, P<sub>CDB</sub>, P<sub>CFA</sub>, P<sub>DET</sub>, and P<sub>ORG</sub>. The Fe and Mn contents in the extracted solution were also determined. The total organic carbon (TOC) and grain size in sediment samples were analyzed as well. The sedimentary total P (TP) concentrations ranged within 537–1310 mg/kg and mostly exceeded 800 mg/kg, suggesting that the DRE sediments were moderately polluted by phosphorus. The P<sub>CDB</sub> was the dominant fraction of P, averagely contributing 58% of TP, followed by P<sub>DET</sub> 31%. The contributions of the P<sub>SORB</sub> and P<sub>CFA</sub> fractions to the TP were relatively minor. Two fractions, Fe<sub>CDB</sub> and Fe<sub>ORG,</sub> of sedimentary Fe equally shared approximately 70% of total Fe, followed by Fe<sub>DET</sub> with 22%. The contribution of different fractions of sedimentary Mn followed the sequence: Mn<sub>CDB</sub> (36%) > Mn<sub>CFA</sub> (29%) > Mn<sub>ORG</sub> (14.7%) > Mn<sub>DET</sub> (14.5%) > Mn<sub>SORB</sub> (5.3%). The sedimentary P, Fe, and Mn within the DRE are easily mobilized because they were mainly present in the reducible fraction. The concentrations of sedimentary TP positively correlated with the TOC contents and inversely negatively correlated with grain size, suggesting that the TOC and grain size play the crucial roles in influencing the distribution of sedimentary P within the DRE. Finally, the Fe(III) (hydro)oxides seems to play an important carriers to adsorb dissolved P because P<sub>CDB</sub> positively correlated with Fe<sub>CDB</sub>.
format	article
author	Tien-Hsi Fang Cheng-Wen Wang
author_facet	Tien-Hsi Fang Cheng-Wen Wang
author_sort	Tien-Hsi Fang
title	Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan
title_short	Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan
title_full	Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan
title_fullStr	Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan
title_sort	distribution of geochemical species of p, fe and mn in surface sediments in the eutrophic estuary, northern taiwan
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/74737b54e122444096e502d654892bef
work_keys_str_mv	AT tienhsifang distributionofgeochemicalspeciesofpfeandmninsurfacesedimentsintheeutrophicestuarynortherntaiwan AT chengwenwang distributionofgeochemicalspeciesofpfeandmninsurfacesedimentsintheeutrophicestuarynortherntaiwan
_version_	1718431357032464384

Distribution of Geochemical Species of P, Fe and Mn in Surface Sediments in the Eutrophic Estuary, Northern Taiwan

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