Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, p...

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Autores principales:	Ayesha Mushtaq, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Muhammad Zahid, Umer Rashid, Zahid Mushtaq, Muhammad Zubair, Bryan R. Moser, Fahad A. Alharthi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Tamarind non-edible fractionation transesterification biodiesel fatty acid methyl esters Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74a88ce528c14bcfb29f0633ca94ea17
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74a88ce528c14bcfb29f0633ca94ea172021-11-11T15:57:20ZProduction and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel10.3390/en142171481996-1073https://doaj.org/article/74a88ce528c14bcfb29f0633ca94ea172021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7148https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, poor low temperature operability, variability of fuel quality from different feedstocks, and low storage stability negatively impact more widespread adoption. In order to reduce production costs, inexpensive inedible oilseed alternatives are needed for biodiesel production. This study utilized inedible tamarind (<i>Tamarind indica</i>) seed oil as an alternative biodiesel feedstock, which contained linoleic (31.8%), oleic (17.1%), and lauric (12.0%) acids as the primary fatty acids. A simple and cost-effective high vacuum fractional distillation (HVFD) methodology was used to separate the oil into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Subsequent transesterification utilizing basic, acidic, and enzymatic catalysis produced biodiesel of consistent quality and overcame the problem of low temperature biodiesel performance. The most desirable biodiesel with regard to low temperature operability was produced from fractions F2 and F3, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids relative to tamarind seed oil. Other properties such as density and cetane number were within the limits specified in the American and European biodiesel standards.Ayesha MushtaqMuhammad Asif HanifMuhammad ZahidUmer RashidZahid MushtaqMuhammad ZubairBryan R. MoserFahad A. AlharthiMDPI AGarticleTamarindnon-ediblefractionationtransesterificationbiodieselfatty acid methyl estersTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7148, p 7148 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Tamarind non-edible fractionation transesterification biodiesel fatty acid methyl esters Technology T
spellingShingle	Tamarind non-edible fractionation transesterification biodiesel fatty acid methyl esters Technology T Ayesha Mushtaq Muhammad Asif Hanif Muhammad Zahid Umer Rashid Zahid Mushtaq Muhammad Zubair Bryan R. Moser Fahad A. Alharthi Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel
description	Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, poor low temperature operability, variability of fuel quality from different feedstocks, and low storage stability negatively impact more widespread adoption. In order to reduce production costs, inexpensive inedible oilseed alternatives are needed for biodiesel production. This study utilized inedible tamarind (<i>Tamarind indica</i>) seed oil as an alternative biodiesel feedstock, which contained linoleic (31.8%), oleic (17.1%), and lauric (12.0%) acids as the primary fatty acids. A simple and cost-effective high vacuum fractional distillation (HVFD) methodology was used to separate the oil into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Subsequent transesterification utilizing basic, acidic, and enzymatic catalysis produced biodiesel of consistent quality and overcame the problem of low temperature biodiesel performance. The most desirable biodiesel with regard to low temperature operability was produced from fractions F2 and F3, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids relative to tamarind seed oil. Other properties such as density and cetane number were within the limits specified in the American and European biodiesel standards.
format	article
author	Ayesha Mushtaq Muhammad Asif Hanif Muhammad Zahid Umer Rashid Zahid Mushtaq Muhammad Zubair Bryan R. Moser Fahad A. Alharthi
author_facet	Ayesha Mushtaq Muhammad Asif Hanif Muhammad Zahid Umer Rashid Zahid Mushtaq Muhammad Zubair Bryan R. Moser Fahad A. Alharthi
author_sort	Ayesha Mushtaq
title	Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel
title_short	Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel
title_full	Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel
title_fullStr	Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel
title_full_unstemmed	Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel
title_sort	production and evaluation of fractionated tamarind seed oil methyl esters as a new source of biodiesel
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/74a88ce528c14bcfb29f0633ca94ea17
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Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

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