Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges

José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso,1,2 Mirella Alves Cunha,3 Igor Thiago Queiroz,4 Carlos Henrique Valente Moreira2 1Laboratory of Soroepidemiology (LIM HC-FMUSP), São Paulo University, São Paulo, 2Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas-SES, São&nbs...

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Autores principales:	Lindoso JAL, Cunha MA, Queiroz IT, Moreira CHV
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	Leishmaniasis HIV-infection coinfection epidemiology clinical manifestations diagnosis treatment. Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74b5342a3d4e43528a1506fe0bc14dff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74b5342a3d4e43528a1506fe0bc14dff2021-12-02T04:48:11ZLeishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges1179-1373https://doaj.org/article/74b5342a3d4e43528a1506fe0bc14dff2016-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/leishmaniasisndashhiv-coinfection-current-challenges-peer-reviewed-article-HIVhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1373José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso,1,2 Mirella Alves Cunha,3 Igor Thiago Queiroz,4 Carlos Henrique Valente Moreira2 1Laboratory of Soroepidemiology (LIM HC-FMUSP), São Paulo University, São Paulo, 2Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas-SES, São Paulo, 3Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 4Hospital Giselda Trigueiro - SESAP, Natal, Brazil Abstract: Leishmaniasis – human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection can manifest itself as tegumentary or visceral leishmaniasis. Almost 35 countries have reported autochthonous coinfections. Visceral leishmaniasis is more frequently described. However, usual and unusual manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis have been reported mainly in the Americas, but the real prevalence of Leishmania infection in HIV-infected patients is not clear. Regarding the clinical manifestations, there are some reports showing unusual manifestations in visceral leishmaniasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients; yet, the usual manifestations are more frequent. Leishmaniasis diagnosis relies on clinical methods, but serological tests are used to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis despite them having a low sensitivity to tegumentary leishmaniasis. The search for the parasite is used to diagnose both visceral leishmaniasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis. Nevertheless, in HIV-infected patients, the sensitivity of serology is very low. Drugs available to treat leishmaniasis are more restricted and cause severe side effects. Furthermore, in HIV-infected patients, these side effects are more prominent and relapses and lethality are more recurrent. In this article, we discuss the current challenges of tegumentary leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis–HIV infection, focusing mainly on the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of leishmaniasis. Keywords: leishmaniasis, HIV infection, coinfection, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment Lindoso JALCunha MAQueiroz ITMoreira CHVDove Medical PressarticleLeishmaniasisHIV-infectioncoinfectionepidemiologyclinical manifestationsdiagnosistreatment.Immunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENHIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care, Vol Volume 8, Pp 147-156 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Leishmaniasis HIV-infection coinfection epidemiology clinical manifestations diagnosis treatment. Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	Leishmaniasis HIV-infection coinfection epidemiology clinical manifestations diagnosis treatment. Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Lindoso JAL Cunha MA Queiroz IT Moreira CHV Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges
description	José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso,1,2 Mirella Alves Cunha,3 Igor Thiago Queiroz,4 Carlos Henrique Valente Moreira2 1Laboratory of Soroepidemiology (LIM HC-FMUSP), São Paulo University, São Paulo, 2Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas-SES, São Paulo, 3Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 4Hospital Giselda Trigueiro - SESAP, Natal, Brazil Abstract: Leishmaniasis – human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection can manifest itself as tegumentary or visceral leishmaniasis. Almost 35 countries have reported autochthonous coinfections. Visceral leishmaniasis is more frequently described. However, usual and unusual manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis have been reported mainly in the Americas, but the real prevalence of Leishmania infection in HIV-infected patients is not clear. Regarding the clinical manifestations, there are some reports showing unusual manifestations in visceral leishmaniasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients; yet, the usual manifestations are more frequent. Leishmaniasis diagnosis relies on clinical methods, but serological tests are used to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis despite them having a low sensitivity to tegumentary leishmaniasis. The search for the parasite is used to diagnose both visceral leishmaniasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis. Nevertheless, in HIV-infected patients, the sensitivity of serology is very low. Drugs available to treat leishmaniasis are more restricted and cause severe side effects. Furthermore, in HIV-infected patients, these side effects are more prominent and relapses and lethality are more recurrent. In this article, we discuss the current challenges of tegumentary leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis–HIV infection, focusing mainly on the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of leishmaniasis. Keywords: leishmaniasis, HIV infection, coinfection, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment
format	article
author	Lindoso JAL Cunha MA Queiroz IT Moreira CHV
author_facet	Lindoso JAL Cunha MA Queiroz IT Moreira CHV
author_sort	Lindoso JAL
title	Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges
title_short	Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges
title_full	Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges
title_fullStr	Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges
title_full_unstemmed	Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges
title_sort	leishmaniasis–hiv coinfection: current challenges
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/74b5342a3d4e43528a1506fe0bc14dff
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Leishmaniasis&ndash;HIV coinfection: current challenges

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Leishmaniasis–HIV coinfection: current challenges