Explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.

<h4>Background</h4>In rubber hand illusions and full body illusions, touch sensations are projected to non-body objects such as rubber hands, dolls or virtual bodies. The robustness, limits and further perceptual consequences of such illusions are not yet fully explored or understood. A...

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Autores principales:	Jakob Hohwy, Bryan Paton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74c1904f274b428fbab51f71592954c3
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:74c1904f274b428fbab51f71592954c3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74c1904f274b428fbab51f71592954c32021-11-25T06:25:34ZExplaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0009416https://doaj.org/article/74c1904f274b428fbab51f71592954c32010-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20195378/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>In rubber hand illusions and full body illusions, touch sensations are projected to non-body objects such as rubber hands, dolls or virtual bodies. The robustness, limits and further perceptual consequences of such illusions are not yet fully explored or understood. A number of experiments are reported that test the limits of a variant of the rubber hand illusion.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>A variant of the rubber hand illusion is explored, in which the real and foreign hands are aligned in personal space. The presence of the illusion is ascertained with participants' scores and temperature changes of the real arm. This generates a basic illusion of touch projected to a foreign arm. Participants are presented with further, unusual visuotactile stimuli subsequent to onset of the basic illusion. Such further visuotactile stimulation is found to generate very unusual experiences of supernatural touch and touch on a non-hand object. The finding of touch on a non-hand object conflicts with prior findings, and to resolve this conflict a further hypothesis is successfully tested: that without prior onset of the basic illusion this unusual experience does not occur.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>A rubber hand illusion is found that can arise when the real and the foreign arm are aligned in personal space. This illusion persists through periods of no tactile stimulation and is strong enough to allow very unusual experiences of touch felt on a cardboard box and experiences of touch produced at a distance, as if by supernatural causation. These findings suggest that one's visual body image is explained away during experience of the illusion and they may be of further importance to understanding the role of experience in delusion formation. The findings of touch on non-hand objects may help reconcile conflicting results in this area of research. In addition, new evidence is provided that relates to the recently discovered psychologically induced temperature changes that occur during the illusion.Jakob HohwyBryan PatonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 2, p e9416 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jakob Hohwy Bryan Paton Explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In rubber hand illusions and full body illusions, touch sensations are projected to non-body objects such as rubber hands, dolls or virtual bodies. The robustness, limits and further perceptual consequences of such illusions are not yet fully explored or understood. A number of experiments are reported that test the limits of a variant of the rubber hand illusion.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>A variant of the rubber hand illusion is explored, in which the real and foreign hands are aligned in personal space. The presence of the illusion is ascertained with participants' scores and temperature changes of the real arm. This generates a basic illusion of touch projected to a foreign arm. Participants are presented with further, unusual visuotactile stimuli subsequent to onset of the basic illusion. Such further visuotactile stimulation is found to generate very unusual experiences of supernatural touch and touch on a non-hand object. The finding of touch on a non-hand object conflicts with prior findings, and to resolve this conflict a further hypothesis is successfully tested: that without prior onset of the basic illusion this unusual experience does not occur.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>A rubber hand illusion is found that can arise when the real and the foreign arm are aligned in personal space. This illusion persists through periods of no tactile stimulation and is strong enough to allow very unusual experiences of touch felt on a cardboard box and experiences of touch produced at a distance, as if by supernatural causation. These findings suggest that one's visual body image is explained away during experience of the illusion and they may be of further importance to understanding the role of experience in delusion formation. The findings of touch on non-hand objects may help reconcile conflicting results in this area of research. In addition, new evidence is provided that relates to the recently discovered psychologically induced temperature changes that occur during the illusion.
format	article
author	Jakob Hohwy Bryan Paton
author_facet	Jakob Hohwy Bryan Paton
author_sort	Jakob Hohwy
title	Explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.
title_short	Explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.
title_full	Explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.
title_fullStr	Explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.
title_full_unstemmed	Explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.
title_sort	explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/74c1904f274b428fbab51f71592954c3
work_keys_str_mv	AT jakobhohwy explainingawaythebodyexperiencesofsupernaturallycausedtouchandtouchonnonhandobjectswithintherubberhandillusion AT bryanpaton explainingawaythebodyexperiencesofsupernaturallycausedtouchandtouchonnonhandobjectswithintherubberhandillusion
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Explaining away the body: experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non-hand objects within the rubber hand illusion.

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