The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures

Abstract Elymus nutans is an herbaceous plant that can be used to restore degraded alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Here, we evaluated how sowing density affects soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures. To investigate the optimal sowing density of E. n...

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Autores principales:	Xiangqian Tan, Yongwen Huang, Danwei Xiong, Kun Lv, Fangqing Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74cb79158ea14a4589e4c0a1a2757548
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74cb79158ea14a4589e4c0a1a27575482021-12-02T11:42:15ZThe effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures10.1038/s41598-020-77407-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/74cb79158ea14a4589e4c0a1a27575482020-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77407-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Elymus nutans is an herbaceous plant that can be used to restore degraded alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Here, we evaluated how sowing density affects soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures. To investigate the optimal sowing density of E. nutans in vegetation–concrete applications for slope protection, six experimental treatments were established with different plant densities: control, I (1100 seeds/m2), II (2200 seeds/m2), III (3300 seeds/m2), IV (4400 seeds/m2), and V (5500 seeds/m2). Several parameters of plant growth in addition to soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties were measured in each treatment, as well as the associations among parameters. As density increased, aboveground biomass continually increased, and plant heights, root surface areas, root lengths, and underground biomass all first increased and then decreased. In contrast, tiller numbers and the average root diameter gradually decreased with increasing density. Increased density also resulted in increased maximum water interception levels by aboveground stems and leaves. The maximum water interception by the aboveground stems and leaves was 41.75% greater in the highest density treatment (V) compared to the lowest density treatment (I). However, the enhancement of erosion resistance and soil shear strength first increased and then decreased as density increased, with maximal values observed in the medium-high density treatment (IV). Sowing density was highly correlated with aboveground biomass, plant heights, tiller numbers, and the maximum level of water interception by stems and leaves. Thus, sowing density directly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of aboveground plant components. However, density was not significantly correlated with belowground biomass, root lengths, root surface areas, the enhancement of erosion resistance, and soil shear strengths. Therefore, sowing density indirectly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization of belowground plant components. Following from these results, we suggest that the optimal sowing density of E. nutans is approximately 4400 plants/m2 in their application within vegetation–concrete structures used for slope protection.Xiangqian TanYongwen HuangDanwei XiongKun LvFangqing ChenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xiangqian Tan Yongwen Huang Danwei Xiong Kun Lv Fangqing Chen The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures
description	Abstract Elymus nutans is an herbaceous plant that can be used to restore degraded alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Here, we evaluated how sowing density affects soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures. To investigate the optimal sowing density of E. nutans in vegetation–concrete applications for slope protection, six experimental treatments were established with different plant densities: control, I (1100 seeds/m2), II (2200 seeds/m2), III (3300 seeds/m2), IV (4400 seeds/m2), and V (5500 seeds/m2). Several parameters of plant growth in addition to soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties were measured in each treatment, as well as the associations among parameters. As density increased, aboveground biomass continually increased, and plant heights, root surface areas, root lengths, and underground biomass all first increased and then decreased. In contrast, tiller numbers and the average root diameter gradually decreased with increasing density. Increased density also resulted in increased maximum water interception levels by aboveground stems and leaves. The maximum water interception by the aboveground stems and leaves was 41.75% greater in the highest density treatment (V) compared to the lowest density treatment (I). However, the enhancement of erosion resistance and soil shear strength first increased and then decreased as density increased, with maximal values observed in the medium-high density treatment (IV). Sowing density was highly correlated with aboveground biomass, plant heights, tiller numbers, and the maximum level of water interception by stems and leaves. Thus, sowing density directly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of aboveground plant components. However, density was not significantly correlated with belowground biomass, root lengths, root surface areas, the enhancement of erosion resistance, and soil shear strengths. Therefore, sowing density indirectly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization of belowground plant components. Following from these results, we suggest that the optimal sowing density of E. nutans is approximately 4400 plants/m2 in their application within vegetation–concrete structures used for slope protection.
format	article
author	Xiangqian Tan Yongwen Huang Danwei Xiong Kun Lv Fangqing Chen
author_facet	Xiangqian Tan Yongwen Huang Danwei Xiong Kun Lv Fangqing Chen
author_sort	Xiangqian Tan
title	The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures
title_short	The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures
title_full	The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures
title_fullStr	The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures
title_sort	effect of elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/74cb79158ea14a4589e4c0a1a2757548
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The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures

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