Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review

Duodenal pseudomelanosis (also known as pseudomelanosis duodeni) is a rare endoscopic incidental finding defined by a pigmentation limited to the apex of the intestinal villi, which requires histological confirmation. While its exact pathogenesis is still poorly understood, it appears free from clin...

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Autores principales:	Gianluca Lopez, Marianna D’Ercole, Stefano Ferrero, Giorgio Alberto Croci
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	duodenum duodenal pseudomelanosis pigmentation siderosis iron Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74d9bf6f348e4b4b94ced53924ca5254
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74d9bf6f348e4b4b94ced53924ca52542021-11-25T17:20:23ZDuodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review10.3390/diagnostics111119742075-4418https://doaj.org/article/74d9bf6f348e4b4b94ced53924ca52542021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/11/1974https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4418Duodenal pseudomelanosis (also known as pseudomelanosis duodeni) is a rare endoscopic incidental finding defined by a pigmentation limited to the apex of the intestinal villi, which requires histological confirmation. While its exact pathogenesis is still poorly understood, it appears free from clinical consequences. This condition is believed to be associated with oral iron intake, antihypertensive drugs containing a sulfur moiety (i.e., hydralazine, furosemide), and several chronic diseases (i.e., hypertension, end-stage renal disease, diabetes). However, the exact prevalence of these treatments and comorbidities among patients with duodenal pseudomelanosis is not clearly defined. Several case reports and case series about duodenal pseudomelanosis have been published in recent years. In this review, we aimed to clearly define its endoscopic and microscopic presentation; its epidemiology, associated comorbidities, and drugs; the most useful special histochemical techniques used to classify the nature of the pigmentation; and the most relevant differential diagnoses. In addition, by considering our findings, we also formulated a number of hypotheses about its pathogenesis.Gianluca LopezMarianna D’ErcoleStefano FerreroGiorgio Alberto CrociMDPI AGarticleduodenumduodenalpseudomelanosispigmentationsiderosisironMedicine (General)R5-920ENDiagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 1974, p 1974 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	duodenum duodenal pseudomelanosis pigmentation siderosis iron Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	duodenum duodenal pseudomelanosis pigmentation siderosis iron Medicine (General) R5-920 Gianluca Lopez Marianna D’Ercole Stefano Ferrero Giorgio Alberto Croci Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review
description	Duodenal pseudomelanosis (also known as pseudomelanosis duodeni) is a rare endoscopic incidental finding defined by a pigmentation limited to the apex of the intestinal villi, which requires histological confirmation. While its exact pathogenesis is still poorly understood, it appears free from clinical consequences. This condition is believed to be associated with oral iron intake, antihypertensive drugs containing a sulfur moiety (i.e., hydralazine, furosemide), and several chronic diseases (i.e., hypertension, end-stage renal disease, diabetes). However, the exact prevalence of these treatments and comorbidities among patients with duodenal pseudomelanosis is not clearly defined. Several case reports and case series about duodenal pseudomelanosis have been published in recent years. In this review, we aimed to clearly define its endoscopic and microscopic presentation; its epidemiology, associated comorbidities, and drugs; the most useful special histochemical techniques used to classify the nature of the pigmentation; and the most relevant differential diagnoses. In addition, by considering our findings, we also formulated a number of hypotheses about its pathogenesis.
format	article
author	Gianluca Lopez Marianna D’Ercole Stefano Ferrero Giorgio Alberto Croci
author_facet	Gianluca Lopez Marianna D’Ercole Stefano Ferrero Giorgio Alberto Croci
author_sort	Gianluca Lopez
title	Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review
title_short	Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review
title_full	Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review
title_fullStr	Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed	Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review
title_sort	duodenal pseudomelanosis: a literature review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/74d9bf6f348e4b4b94ced53924ca5254
work_keys_str_mv	AT gianlucalopez duodenalpseudomelanosisaliteraturereview AT mariannadercole duodenalpseudomelanosisaliteraturereview AT stefanoferrero duodenalpseudomelanosisaliteraturereview AT giorgioalbertocroci duodenalpseudomelanosisaliteraturereview
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Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review

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