CO2/HCO3− Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds

ABSTRACT Iron is a vital mineral for almost all living organisms and has a pivotal role in central metabolism. Despite its great abundance on earth, the accessibility for microorganisms is often limited, because poorly soluble ferric iron (Fe3+) is the predominant oxidation state in an aerobic envir...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Felix Müller, Johanna Rapp, Anna-Lena Hacker, André Feith, Ralf Takors, Bastian Blombach
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	iron homeostasis iron reduction carbon dioxide bicarbonate DtxR pathogens Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74e057a3dc5b4777b0c8c6f7e2908d4f
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:74e057a3dc5b4777b0c8c6f7e2908d4f
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74e057a3dc5b4777b0c8c6f7e2908d4f2021-11-15T15:57:01ZCO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds10.1128/mBio.00085-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/74e057a3dc5b4777b0c8c6f7e2908d4f2020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00085-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Iron is a vital mineral for almost all living organisms and has a pivotal role in central metabolism. Despite its great abundance on earth, the accessibility for microorganisms is often limited, because poorly soluble ferric iron (Fe3+) is the predominant oxidation state in an aerobic environment. Hence, the reduction of Fe3+ is of essential importance to meet the cellular demand of ferrous iron (Fe2+) but might become detrimental as excessive amounts of intracellular Fe2+ tend to undergo the cytotoxic Fenton reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. We demonstrate that the complex formation rate of Fe3+ and phenolic compounds like protocatechuic acid was increased by 46% in the presence of HCO3− and thus accelerated the subsequent redox reaction, yielding reduced Fe2+. Consequently, elevated CO2/HCO3− levels increased the intracellular Fe2+ availability, which resulted in at least 50% higher biomass-specific fluorescence of a DtxR-based Corynebacterium glutamicum reporter strain, and stimulated growth. Since the increased Fe2+ availability was attributed to the interaction of HCO3− and chemical iron reduction, the abiotic effect postulated in this study is of general relevance in geochemical and biological environments. IMPORTANCE In an oxygenic environment, poorly soluble Fe3+ must be reduced to meet the cellular Fe2+ demand. This study demonstrates that elevated CO2/HCO3− levels accelerate chemical Fe3+ reduction through phenolic compounds, thus increasing intracellular Fe2+ availability. A number of biological environments are characterized by the presence of phenolic compounds and elevated HCO3− levels and include soil habitats and the human body. Fe2+ availability is of particular interest in the latter, as it controls the infectiousness of pathogens. Since the effect postulated here is abiotic, it generally affects the Fe2+ distribution in nature.Felix MüllerJohanna RappAnna-Lena HackerAndré FeithRalf TakorsBastian BlombachAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleiron homeostasisiron reductioncarbon dioxidebicarbonateDtxRpathogensMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 2 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	iron homeostasis iron reduction carbon dioxide bicarbonate DtxR pathogens Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	iron homeostasis iron reduction carbon dioxide bicarbonate DtxR pathogens Microbiology QR1-502 Felix Müller Johanna Rapp Anna-Lena Hacker André Feith Ralf Takors Bastian Blombach CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds
description	ABSTRACT Iron is a vital mineral for almost all living organisms and has a pivotal role in central metabolism. Despite its great abundance on earth, the accessibility for microorganisms is often limited, because poorly soluble ferric iron (Fe3+) is the predominant oxidation state in an aerobic environment. Hence, the reduction of Fe3+ is of essential importance to meet the cellular demand of ferrous iron (Fe2+) but might become detrimental as excessive amounts of intracellular Fe2+ tend to undergo the cytotoxic Fenton reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. We demonstrate that the complex formation rate of Fe3+ and phenolic compounds like protocatechuic acid was increased by 46% in the presence of HCO3− and thus accelerated the subsequent redox reaction, yielding reduced Fe2+. Consequently, elevated CO2/HCO3− levels increased the intracellular Fe2+ availability, which resulted in at least 50% higher biomass-specific fluorescence of a DtxR-based Corynebacterium glutamicum reporter strain, and stimulated growth. Since the increased Fe2+ availability was attributed to the interaction of HCO3− and chemical iron reduction, the abiotic effect postulated in this study is of general relevance in geochemical and biological environments. IMPORTANCE In an oxygenic environment, poorly soluble Fe3+ must be reduced to meet the cellular Fe2+ demand. This study demonstrates that elevated CO2/HCO3− levels accelerate chemical Fe3+ reduction through phenolic compounds, thus increasing intracellular Fe2+ availability. A number of biological environments are characterized by the presence of phenolic compounds and elevated HCO3− levels and include soil habitats and the human body. Fe2+ availability is of particular interest in the latter, as it controls the infectiousness of pathogens. Since the effect postulated here is abiotic, it generally affects the Fe2+ distribution in nature.
format	article
author	Felix Müller Johanna Rapp Anna-Lena Hacker André Feith Ralf Takors Bastian Blombach
author_facet	Felix Müller Johanna Rapp Anna-Lena Hacker André Feith Ralf Takors Bastian Blombach
author_sort	Felix Müller
title	CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds
title_short	CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds
title_full	CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds
title_fullStr	CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds
title_full_unstemmed	CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds
title_sort	co<sub>2</sub>/hco<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> accelerates iron reduction through phenolic compounds
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/74e057a3dc5b4777b0c8c6f7e2908d4f
work_keys_str_mv	AT felixmuller cosub2subhcosub3subsupsupacceleratesironreductionthroughphenoliccompounds AT johannarapp cosub2subhcosub3subsupsupacceleratesironreductionthroughphenoliccompounds AT annalenahacker cosub2subhcosub3subsupsupacceleratesironreductionthroughphenoliccompounds AT andrefeith cosub2subhcosub3subsupsupacceleratesironreductionthroughphenoliccompounds AT ralftakors cosub2subhcosub3subsupsupacceleratesironreductionthroughphenoliccompounds AT bastianblombach cosub2subhcosub3subsupsupacceleratesironreductionthroughphenoliccompounds
_version_	1718427034755006464

CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> Accelerates Iron Reduction through Phenolic Compounds

Ejemplares similares