Vision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos

Identifying solar system surface properties of celestial bodies requires the conducting of many tests and experiments in conditions similar to those found on various objects. One of the first tasks to be solved by engineers is determining the contact condition between the lander and the surface of a...

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Autores principales:	Marek Cała, Piotr Kohut, Krzysztof Holak, Daniel Wałach
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	vision systems contact modelling Phobos analogue Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74e0f5daefb34cc6b77fdf3bd75d6633
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74e0f5daefb34cc6b77fdf3bd75d66332021-11-11T19:02:50ZVision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos10.3390/s212170091424-8220https://doaj.org/article/74e0f5daefb34cc6b77fdf3bd75d66332021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7009https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Identifying solar system surface properties of celestial bodies requires the conducting of many tests and experiments in conditions similar to those found on various objects. One of the first tasks to be solved by engineers is determining the contact condition between the lander and the surface of a given celestial body during landing in a microgravity environment. This paper presents the results of experimental studies and numerical simulations of the contact phenomenon between the lander foot model and the Phobos analogue. The main goal of the experimental tests was to obtain measured deformation data of the studied analogues using 2D and 3D vision systems, which were employed to analyze the behavior of the lander foot and the surface of the studied analogue itself and to calibrate the numerical models. The analogue representing the Phobos surface was foam concrete. The variable parameters in the study were the analogue thickness and the lander foot velocity at the time of contact. Tests were conducted for three different contact velocities of 1.2 m/s, 3.0 m/s, and 3.5 m/s. Taking into account the mass of the lander foot model, kinetic energies of 30.28 J, 189.22 J, and 257.56 J were obtained. The results showed that at low contact velocities, and thus low kinetic energies, no significant differences in behavior of the material directly under the lander foot were observed, and similar values of forces in the lander foot were obtained. For higher contact velocities, the behavior of analogues with varying thicknesses was different, resulting in different values of analogue deformation and dynamics of increments and decrements of force in the lander foot itself. Although performed on a single material, the experiments revealed different behaviors depending on its thickness at the same impact energy. This is an essential guideline for engineers who need to take this fact into account when designing the lander itself.Marek CałaPiotr KohutKrzysztof HolakDaniel WałachMDPI AGarticlevision systemscontact modellingPhobos analogueChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7009, p 7009 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	vision systems contact modelling Phobos analogue Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	vision systems contact modelling Phobos analogue Chemical technology TP1-1185 Marek Cała Piotr Kohut Krzysztof Holak Daniel Wałach Vision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos
description	Identifying solar system surface properties of celestial bodies requires the conducting of many tests and experiments in conditions similar to those found on various objects. One of the first tasks to be solved by engineers is determining the contact condition between the lander and the surface of a given celestial body during landing in a microgravity environment. This paper presents the results of experimental studies and numerical simulations of the contact phenomenon between the lander foot model and the Phobos analogue. The main goal of the experimental tests was to obtain measured deformation data of the studied analogues using 2D and 3D vision systems, which were employed to analyze the behavior of the lander foot and the surface of the studied analogue itself and to calibrate the numerical models. The analogue representing the Phobos surface was foam concrete. The variable parameters in the study were the analogue thickness and the lander foot velocity at the time of contact. Tests were conducted for three different contact velocities of 1.2 m/s, 3.0 m/s, and 3.5 m/s. Taking into account the mass of the lander foot model, kinetic energies of 30.28 J, 189.22 J, and 257.56 J were obtained. The results showed that at low contact velocities, and thus low kinetic energies, no significant differences in behavior of the material directly under the lander foot were observed, and similar values of forces in the lander foot were obtained. For higher contact velocities, the behavior of analogues with varying thicknesses was different, resulting in different values of analogue deformation and dynamics of increments and decrements of force in the lander foot itself. Although performed on a single material, the experiments revealed different behaviors depending on its thickness at the same impact energy. This is an essential guideline for engineers who need to take this fact into account when designing the lander itself.
format	article
author	Marek Cała Piotr Kohut Krzysztof Holak Daniel Wałach
author_facet	Marek Cała Piotr Kohut Krzysztof Holak Daniel Wałach
author_sort	Marek Cała
title	Vision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos
title_short	Vision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos
title_full	Vision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos
title_fullStr	Vision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos
title_full_unstemmed	Vision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos
title_sort	vision-based approach in contact modelling between the footpad of the lander and the analogue representing surface of phobos
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/74e0f5daefb34cc6b77fdf3bd75d6633
work_keys_str_mv	AT marekcała visionbasedapproachincontactmodellingbetweenthefootpadofthelanderandtheanaloguerepresentingsurfaceofphobos AT piotrkohut visionbasedapproachincontactmodellingbetweenthefootpadofthelanderandtheanaloguerepresentingsurfaceofphobos AT krzysztofholak visionbasedapproachincontactmodellingbetweenthefootpadofthelanderandtheanaloguerepresentingsurfaceofphobos AT danielwałach visionbasedapproachincontactmodellingbetweenthefootpadofthelanderandtheanaloguerepresentingsurfaceofphobos
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Vision-Based Approach in Contact Modelling between the Footpad of the Lander and the Analogue Representing Surface of Phobos

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