Genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.

<h4>Background</h4>In Finland, the first infections caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus were identified on May 10. During the next three months almost all infections were found from patients who had recently traveled abroad. In September 2009 the pandemic virus started to...

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Autores principales:	Niina Ikonen, Minna Haanpää, Esa Rönkkö, Outi Lyytikäinen, Markku Kuusi, Petri Ruutu, Hannimari Kallio-Kokko, Laura Mannonen, Maija Lappalainen, Thedi Ziegler, Ilkka Julkunen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74e339905a5445ab984194f697cd0d54
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74e339905a5445ab984194f697cd0d542021-11-18T07:03:06ZGenetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0013329https://doaj.org/article/74e339905a5445ab984194f697cd0d542010-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20975994/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>In Finland, the first infections caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus were identified on May 10. During the next three months almost all infections were found from patients who had recently traveled abroad. In September 2009 the pandemic virus started to spread in the general population, leading to localized outbreaks and peak epidemic activity was reached during weeks 43-48.<h4>Methods/results</h4>The nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from viruses collected from 138 patients were determined. The analyzed viruses represented mild and severe infections and different geographic regions and time periods. Based on HA and NA gene sequences, the Finnish pandemic viruses clustered in four groups. Finnish epidemic viruses and A/California/07/2009 vaccine virus strain varied from 2-8 and 0-5 amino acids in HA and NA molecules, respectively, giving a respective maximal evolution speed of 1.4% and 1.1%. Most amino acid changes in HA and NA molecules accumulated on the surface of the molecule and were partly located in antigenic sites. Three severe infections were detected with a mutation at HA residue 222, in two viruses with a change D222G, and in one virus D222Y. Also viruses with change D222E were identified. All Finnish pandemic viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir having the amino acid histidine at residue 275 of the neuraminidase molecule.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The Finnish pandemic viruses were quite closely related to A/California/07/2009 vaccine virus. Neither in the HA nor in the NA were changes identified that may lead to the selection of a virus with increased epidemic potential or exceptionally high virulence. Continued laboratory-based surveillance of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) is important in order to rapidly identify drug resistant viruses and/or virus variants with potential ability to cause severe forms of infection and an ability to circumvent vaccine-induced immunity.Niina IkonenMinna HaanpääEsa RönkköOuti LyytikäinenMarkku KuusiPetri RuutuHannimari Kallio-KokkoLaura MannonenMaija LappalainenThedi ZieglerIlkka JulkunenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 10, p e13329 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Niina Ikonen Minna Haanpää Esa Rönkkö Outi Lyytikäinen Markku Kuusi Petri Ruutu Hannimari Kallio-Kokko Laura Mannonen Maija Lappalainen Thedi Ziegler Ilkka Julkunen Genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In Finland, the first infections caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus were identified on May 10. During the next three months almost all infections were found from patients who had recently traveled abroad. In September 2009 the pandemic virus started to spread in the general population, leading to localized outbreaks and peak epidemic activity was reached during weeks 43-48.<h4>Methods/results</h4>The nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from viruses collected from 138 patients were determined. The analyzed viruses represented mild and severe infections and different geographic regions and time periods. Based on HA and NA gene sequences, the Finnish pandemic viruses clustered in four groups. Finnish epidemic viruses and A/California/07/2009 vaccine virus strain varied from 2-8 and 0-5 amino acids in HA and NA molecules, respectively, giving a respective maximal evolution speed of 1.4% and 1.1%. Most amino acid changes in HA and NA molecules accumulated on the surface of the molecule and were partly located in antigenic sites. Three severe infections were detected with a mutation at HA residue 222, in two viruses with a change D222G, and in one virus D222Y. Also viruses with change D222E were identified. All Finnish pandemic viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir having the amino acid histidine at residue 275 of the neuraminidase molecule.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The Finnish pandemic viruses were quite closely related to A/California/07/2009 vaccine virus. Neither in the HA nor in the NA were changes identified that may lead to the selection of a virus with increased epidemic potential or exceptionally high virulence. Continued laboratory-based surveillance of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) is important in order to rapidly identify drug resistant viruses and/or virus variants with potential ability to cause severe forms of infection and an ability to circumvent vaccine-induced immunity.
format	article
author	Niina Ikonen Minna Haanpää Esa Rönkkö Outi Lyytikäinen Markku Kuusi Petri Ruutu Hannimari Kallio-Kokko Laura Mannonen Maija Lappalainen Thedi Ziegler Ilkka Julkunen
author_facet	Niina Ikonen Minna Haanpää Esa Rönkkö Outi Lyytikäinen Markku Kuusi Petri Ruutu Hannimari Kallio-Kokko Laura Mannonen Maija Lappalainen Thedi Ziegler Ilkka Julkunen
author_sort	Niina Ikonen
title	Genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.
title_short	Genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.
title_full	Genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.
title_fullStr	Genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.
title_sort	genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) viruses in finland.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/74e339905a5445ab984194f697cd0d54
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Genetic diversity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Finland.

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