Assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination

Abstract Transcatheter embolization is an important treatment method in clinical therapy, and vascular embolization material plays a key role in embolization. The temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) (PIB) nanogel is a novel embolic agent. To evaluate the feasibilit...

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Autores principales:	Zhen Zhang, Chunyuan Cen, Kun Qian, Han Li, Xin Zhang, Hongsen Zhang, Guina Ma, Yan Chen, Nanchuan Jiang, Chuansheng Zheng, Yanbing Zhao, Ping Han
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74e3756794984dd8bd750dab4fb1f567
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74e3756794984dd8bd750dab4fb1f5672021-12-02T13:30:12ZAssessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination10.1038/s41598-021-84372-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/74e3756794984dd8bd750dab4fb1f5672021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84372-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Transcatheter embolization is an important treatment method in clinical therapy, and vascular embolization material plays a key role in embolization. The temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) (PIB) nanogel is a novel embolic agent. To evaluate the feasibility of the nanogel as a blood vessel embolization agent, we aimed to assess the effect of embolization with PIB nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by non-invasive computed tomography (CT) perfusion, macroscopic and histological examination. Ten healthy adult Japanese rabbits were used to implement RAE of PIB nanogels in their right kidneys. CT perfusion scans were performed pre- and post-treatment at various time-points (1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks). Two rabbits were euthanized and histologically examined at each time-point, and the remaining rabbits were euthanized at 12 weeks after embolization. The RAE efficacy of the nanogels was further confirmed by macroscopic and histological examination. The renal volume and renal blood flow (BF) of the right kidney were significantly decreased post-treatment compared with those pre-treatment (volume: pre, 9278 ± 1736 mm3; post 1 week, 5155 ± 979 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 4 weeks, 3952 ± 846 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 8 weeks, 3226 ± 556 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 12 weeks, 2064 ± 507 mm3, P < 0.0001. BF: pre, 530.81 ± 51.50 ml/min/100 ml; post 1 week, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 4 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 8 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 12 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001). No revascularization or collateral circulation was observed on histological examination during this period, and PIB nanogels were dispersed in all levels of the renal arteries. Twelve weeks after embolization, CT perfusion showed no BF in the right renal artery and renal tissue, a finding that was consistent with histological examination showing complete embolization of the right renal artery with a lack of formation of collateral vessels. The effect of embolization on PIB was adequate, with good dispersion and permanency, and could be evaluated by non-invasive and quantitative CT perfusion.Zhen ZhangChunyuan CenKun QianHan LiXin ZhangHongsen ZhangGuina MaYan ChenNanchuan JiangChuansheng ZhengYanbing ZhaoPing HanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zhen Zhang Chunyuan Cen Kun Qian Han Li Xin Zhang Hongsen Zhang Guina Ma Yan Chen Nanchuan Jiang Chuansheng Zheng Yanbing Zhao Ping Han Assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination
description	Abstract Transcatheter embolization is an important treatment method in clinical therapy, and vascular embolization material plays a key role in embolization. The temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) (PIB) nanogel is a novel embolic agent. To evaluate the feasibility of the nanogel as a blood vessel embolization agent, we aimed to assess the effect of embolization with PIB nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by non-invasive computed tomography (CT) perfusion, macroscopic and histological examination. Ten healthy adult Japanese rabbits were used to implement RAE of PIB nanogels in their right kidneys. CT perfusion scans were performed pre- and post-treatment at various time-points (1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks). Two rabbits were euthanized and histologically examined at each time-point, and the remaining rabbits were euthanized at 12 weeks after embolization. The RAE efficacy of the nanogels was further confirmed by macroscopic and histological examination. The renal volume and renal blood flow (BF) of the right kidney were significantly decreased post-treatment compared with those pre-treatment (volume: pre, 9278 ± 1736 mm3; post 1 week, 5155 ± 979 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 4 weeks, 3952 ± 846 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 8 weeks, 3226 ± 556 mm3, P < 0.0001; post 12 weeks, 2064 ± 507 mm3, P < 0.0001. BF: pre, 530.81 ± 51.50 ml/min/100 ml; post 1 week, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 4 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 8 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001; post 12 weeks, 0 ml/min/100 ml, P < 0.0001). No revascularization or collateral circulation was observed on histological examination during this period, and PIB nanogels were dispersed in all levels of the renal arteries. Twelve weeks after embolization, CT perfusion showed no BF in the right renal artery and renal tissue, a finding that was consistent with histological examination showing complete embolization of the right renal artery with a lack of formation of collateral vessels. The effect of embolization on PIB was adequate, with good dispersion and permanency, and could be evaluated by non-invasive and quantitative CT perfusion.
format	article
author	Zhen Zhang Chunyuan Cen Kun Qian Han Li Xin Zhang Hongsen Zhang Guina Ma Yan Chen Nanchuan Jiang Chuansheng Zheng Yanbing Zhao Ping Han
author_facet	Zhen Zhang Chunyuan Cen Kun Qian Han Li Xin Zhang Hongsen Zhang Guina Ma Yan Chen Nanchuan Jiang Chuansheng Zheng Yanbing Zhao Ping Han
author_sort	Zhen Zhang
title	Assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination
title_short	Assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination
title_full	Assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination
title_fullStr	Assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination
title_sort	assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by ct perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/74e3756794984dd8bd750dab4fb1f567
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Assessment of the embolization effect of temperature-sensitive p(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methylacrylate) nanogels in the rabbit renal artery by CT perfusion and confirmed by macroscopic examination

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