Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.

<h4>Background</h4>Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are planted on millions of hectares annually, reducing the use of conventional insecticides and suppressing pests. However, the evolution of resistance could cut shor...

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Autores principales:	Aaron J Gassmann, Jennifer L Petzold-Maxwell, Ryan S Keweshan, Mike W Dunbar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74eb08be88ad4607beb85c99f12a764a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74eb08be88ad4607beb85c99f12a764a2021-11-18T06:49:04ZField-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0022629https://doaj.org/article/74eb08be88ad4607beb85c99f12a764a2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21829470/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are planted on millions of hectares annually, reducing the use of conventional insecticides and suppressing pests. However, the evolution of resistance could cut short these benefits. A primary pest targeted by Bt maize in the United States is the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We report that fields identified by farmers as having severe rootworm feeding injury to Bt maize contained populations of western corn rootworm that displayed significantly higher survival on Cry3Bb1 maize in laboratory bioassays than did western corn rootworm from fields not associated with such feeding injury. In all cases, fields experiencing severe rootworm feeding contained Cry3Bb1 maize. Interviews with farmers indicated that Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in those fields for at least three consecutive years. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of years Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in a field and the survival of rootworm populations on Cry3Bb1 maize in bioassays. However, there was no significant correlation among populations for survival on Cry34/35Ab1 maize and Cry3Bb1 maize, suggesting a lack of cross resistance between these Bt toxins.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This is the first report of field-evolved resistance to a Bt toxin by the western corn rootworm and by any species of Coleoptera. Insufficient planting of refuges and non-recessive inheritance of resistance may have contributed to resistance. These results suggest that improvements in resistance management and a more integrated approach to the use of Bt crops may be necessary.Aaron J GassmannJennifer L Petzold-MaxwellRyan S KeweshanMike W DunbarPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 7, p e22629 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Aaron J Gassmann Jennifer L Petzold-Maxwell Ryan S Keweshan Mike W Dunbar Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are planted on millions of hectares annually, reducing the use of conventional insecticides and suppressing pests. However, the evolution of resistance could cut short these benefits. A primary pest targeted by Bt maize in the United States is the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We report that fields identified by farmers as having severe rootworm feeding injury to Bt maize contained populations of western corn rootworm that displayed significantly higher survival on Cry3Bb1 maize in laboratory bioassays than did western corn rootworm from fields not associated with such feeding injury. In all cases, fields experiencing severe rootworm feeding contained Cry3Bb1 maize. Interviews with farmers indicated that Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in those fields for at least three consecutive years. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of years Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in a field and the survival of rootworm populations on Cry3Bb1 maize in bioassays. However, there was no significant correlation among populations for survival on Cry34/35Ab1 maize and Cry3Bb1 maize, suggesting a lack of cross resistance between these Bt toxins.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This is the first report of field-evolved resistance to a Bt toxin by the western corn rootworm and by any species of Coleoptera. Insufficient planting of refuges and non-recessive inheritance of resistance may have contributed to resistance. These results suggest that improvements in resistance management and a more integrated approach to the use of Bt crops may be necessary.
format	article
author	Aaron J Gassmann Jennifer L Petzold-Maxwell Ryan S Keweshan Mike W Dunbar
author_facet	Aaron J Gassmann Jennifer L Petzold-Maxwell Ryan S Keweshan Mike W Dunbar
author_sort	Aaron J Gassmann
title	Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.
title_short	Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.
title_full	Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.
title_fullStr	Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.
title_full_unstemmed	Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.
title_sort	field-evolved resistance to bt maize by western corn rootworm.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/74eb08be88ad4607beb85c99f12a764a
work_keys_str_mv	AT aaronjgassmann fieldevolvedresistancetobtmaizebywesterncornrootworm AT jenniferlpetzoldmaxwell fieldevolvedresistancetobtmaizebywesterncornrootworm AT ryanskeweshan fieldevolvedresistancetobtmaizebywesterncornrootworm AT mikewdunbar fieldevolvedresistancetobtmaizebywesterncornrootworm
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Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm.

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