Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.

Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been linked with the disappearance of amphibian populations worldwide. Harlequin toads (Atelopus) are among the most severely impacted genera. Two species are already considered extinct and most of the others a...

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Autores principales:	Onil Ballestas, Margarita Lampo, Diego Rodríguez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74ef460eca204a85a6412de985317d22
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74ef460eca204a85a6412de985317d222021-12-02T20:09:14ZLiving with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254439https://doaj.org/article/74ef460eca204a85a6412de985317d222021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254439https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been linked with the disappearance of amphibian populations worldwide. Harlequin toads (Atelopus) are among the most severely impacted genera. Two species are already considered extinct and most of the others are at high risk of extinction. The recent rediscovery of harlequin toad populations coexisting with Bd suggest that the pathogen can maintain enzootic cycles at some locations. The mechanisms promoting coexistence, however, are not well understood. We explore the dynamics of Bd infection in harlequin toads by modeling a two-stage host population with transmission through environmental reservoirs. Simulations showed that variations in the recruitment of adults and the persistence of zoospores in the environment were more likely to drive shifts between extinction and coexistence than changes in the vulnerability of toads to infection with Bd. These findings highlight the need to identify mechanisms for assuring adult recruitment or minimizing transmission from potential reservoirs, biotic or abiotic, in recovering populations.Onil BallestasMargarita LampoDiego RodríguezPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254439 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Onil Ballestas Margarita Lampo Diego Rodríguez Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.
description	Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been linked with the disappearance of amphibian populations worldwide. Harlequin toads (Atelopus) are among the most severely impacted genera. Two species are already considered extinct and most of the others are at high risk of extinction. The recent rediscovery of harlequin toad populations coexisting with Bd suggest that the pathogen can maintain enzootic cycles at some locations. The mechanisms promoting coexistence, however, are not well understood. We explore the dynamics of Bd infection in harlequin toads by modeling a two-stage host population with transmission through environmental reservoirs. Simulations showed that variations in the recruitment of adults and the persistence of zoospores in the environment were more likely to drive shifts between extinction and coexistence than changes in the vulnerability of toads to infection with Bd. These findings highlight the need to identify mechanisms for assuring adult recruitment or minimizing transmission from potential reservoirs, biotic or abiotic, in recovering populations.
format	article
author	Onil Ballestas Margarita Lampo Diego Rodríguez
author_facet	Onil Ballestas Margarita Lampo Diego Rodríguez
author_sort	Onil Ballestas
title	Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.
title_short	Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.
title_full	Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.
title_fullStr	Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.
title_full_unstemmed	Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.
title_sort	living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad atelopus cruciger.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/74ef460eca204a85a6412de985317d22
work_keys_str_mv	AT onilballestas livingwiththepathogenicchytridfungusexploringmechanismsofcoexistenceintheharlequintoadatelopuscruciger AT margaritalampo livingwiththepathogenicchytridfungusexploringmechanismsofcoexistenceintheharlequintoadatelopuscruciger AT diegorodriguez livingwiththepathogenicchytridfungusexploringmechanismsofcoexistenceintheharlequintoadatelopuscruciger
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Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger.

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