Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus

Treatment of infections caused by S. aureus has become a challenge due to the emergency of resistant strains. Ozoroa reticulata root extracts have been used in traditional medicine to treat throat and chest pains in Zimbabwe. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of O. reticulata r...

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Autores principales:	Jonathan Katsukunya, Rumbidzai Makurira, Stanley Mukanganyama
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Biochemistry QD415-436
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/74f282c28d074de8a58583a67badcb37
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:74f282c28d074de8a58583a67badcb372021-11-08T02:36:08ZOzoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus2090-225510.1155/2021/5599129https://doaj.org/article/74f282c28d074de8a58583a67badcb372021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5599129https://doaj.org/toc/2090-2255Treatment of infections caused by S. aureus has become a challenge due to the emergency of resistant strains. Ozoroa reticulata root extracts have been used in traditional medicine to treat throat and chest pains in Zimbabwe. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of O. reticulata root bark extracts on the production of extracellular proteases by S. aureus. The root barks were collected, dried, and crushed into powder. To obtain different phytoconstituents, plant extractions were performed. Extractions were carried out using two solvent mixtures: ethanol : water (50 : 50 v/v) and dichloromethane : methanol (50 : 50 v/v). Serial exhaustive extractions were also performed using methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, and water. The broth microdilution assays were used to assess the antibacterial effects of the Ozoroa reticulata root bark extracts against S. aureus. Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control. Qualitative screening for extracellular protease production by S. aureus on BCG-skim milk agar plates using the most potent extract was carried out. The proteolytic zones were measured and expressed as the ratio of the diameter of the colony to the total diameter of the colony plus the zone of hydrolysis (Pz values). The ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most potent inhibitor of the growth of S. aureus with 99% inhibition and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µg/mL. Inhibition of extracellular protease production was directly proportional to the concentration of the extract. At 100 µg/mL, the ethyl acetate extract had a Pz value of 0.84, indicative of mild proteolytic activity. A Pz value of 0.94 was observed at a concentration of 200 µg/mL and signified weak proteolytic activity. In conclusion, the extract inhibited the production of extracellular proteases in S. aureus. Further work on the isolation and purification of bioactive compounds responsible for inhibiting the production of extracellular proteases is of importance in the discovery of agents with antivirulent effects on S. aureus.Jonathan KatsukunyaRumbidzai MakuriraStanley MukanganyamaHindawi LimitedarticleBiochemistryQD415-436ENBiochemistry Research International, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biochemistry QD415-436
spellingShingle	Biochemistry QD415-436 Jonathan Katsukunya Rumbidzai Makurira Stanley Mukanganyama Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus
description	Treatment of infections caused by S. aureus has become a challenge due to the emergency of resistant strains. Ozoroa reticulata root extracts have been used in traditional medicine to treat throat and chest pains in Zimbabwe. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of O. reticulata root bark extracts on the production of extracellular proteases by S. aureus. The root barks were collected, dried, and crushed into powder. To obtain different phytoconstituents, plant extractions were performed. Extractions were carried out using two solvent mixtures: ethanol : water (50 : 50 v/v) and dichloromethane : methanol (50 : 50 v/v). Serial exhaustive extractions were also performed using methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, and water. The broth microdilution assays were used to assess the antibacterial effects of the Ozoroa reticulata root bark extracts against S. aureus. Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control. Qualitative screening for extracellular protease production by S. aureus on BCG-skim milk agar plates using the most potent extract was carried out. The proteolytic zones were measured and expressed as the ratio of the diameter of the colony to the total diameter of the colony plus the zone of hydrolysis (Pz values). The ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most potent inhibitor of the growth of S. aureus with 99% inhibition and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µg/mL. Inhibition of extracellular protease production was directly proportional to the concentration of the extract. At 100 µg/mL, the ethyl acetate extract had a Pz value of 0.84, indicative of mild proteolytic activity. A Pz value of 0.94 was observed at a concentration of 200 µg/mL and signified weak proteolytic activity. In conclusion, the extract inhibited the production of extracellular proteases in S. aureus. Further work on the isolation and purification of bioactive compounds responsible for inhibiting the production of extracellular proteases is of importance in the discovery of agents with antivirulent effects on S. aureus.
format	article
author	Jonathan Katsukunya Rumbidzai Makurira Stanley Mukanganyama
author_facet	Jonathan Katsukunya Rumbidzai Makurira Stanley Mukanganyama
author_sort	Jonathan Katsukunya
title	Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus
title_short	Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus
title_full	Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus
title_fullStr	Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus
title_full_unstemmed	Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus
title_sort	ozoroa insignis reticulata (baker f.) r. fern. & a. fern. root extract inhibits the production of extracellular proteases by staphylococcus aureus
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/74f282c28d074de8a58583a67badcb37
work_keys_str_mv	AT jonathankatsukunya ozoroainsignisreticulatabakerfrfernafernrootextractinhibitstheproductionofextracellularproteasesbystaphylococcusaureus AT rumbidzaimakurira ozoroainsignisreticulatabakerfrfernafernrootextractinhibitstheproductionofextracellularproteasesbystaphylococcusaureus AT stanleymukanganyama ozoroainsignisreticulatabakerfrfernafernrootextractinhibitstheproductionofextracellularproteasesbystaphylococcusaureus
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Ozoroa insignis reticulata (Baker f.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Root Extract Inhibits the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus

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