Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School

This paper presents how a post-secondary institution like University of British Columbia’s Okanagan (UBCO) campus can reduce its carbon footprint and be aligned with the government’s target through promoting virtual campus and autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). Different virtual campus scenarios a...

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Autores principales:	Bijoy Saha, Mahmudur Rahman Fatmi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	travel demand management virtual campus autonomous electric vehicle macroscopic traffic simulation scenario planning climate action plan Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/751e5195725548bf88097703de51ac5e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:751e5195725548bf88097703de51ac5e2021-11-25T19:01:35ZSimulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School10.3390/su1322125012071-1050https://doaj.org/article/751e5195725548bf88097703de51ac5e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12501https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050This paper presents how a post-secondary institution like University of British Columbia’s Okanagan (UBCO) campus can reduce its carbon footprint and be aligned with the government’s target through promoting virtual campus and autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). Different virtual campus scenarios are developed: online classes only, working-from-home only, and a hybrid of both. In the case of AEVs, alternative penetration rates for levels 2 and 5 are considered. A total of 50 scenarios are tested using a sub-area transport simulation model for UBCO, which is extracted from the regional travel demand forecasting model. The results suggest that a 40% AEV penetration rate coupled with fully in-person classes reduces GHG by ~36% compared to the 2018-level, which will help UBCO to achieve their 2030 emission reduction target and be aligned with the provincial target. The 50% AEV and 10% hybrid virtual campus reduces emissions by ~48%, which is aligned with the 2040 provincial target. A fully virtual campus will help to reach the 2050 provincial target by reducing GHG by ~76%. The results further demonstrate that level 5 AEVs produce lesser emissions than level 2 at a lower AEV penetration rate for the fully in-person campus scenario. At higher penetration rates, level 5 performs better only if it is coupled with 10% of students, faculties and staffs attending virtual campus scenario.Bijoy SahaMahmudur Rahman FatmiMDPI AGarticletravel demand managementvirtual campusautonomous electric vehiclemacroscopic traffic simulationscenario planningclimate action planEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12501, p 12501 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	travel demand management virtual campus autonomous electric vehicle macroscopic traffic simulation scenario planning climate action plan Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	travel demand management virtual campus autonomous electric vehicle macroscopic traffic simulation scenario planning climate action plan Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Bijoy Saha Mahmudur Rahman Fatmi Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School
description	This paper presents how a post-secondary institution like University of British Columbia’s Okanagan (UBCO) campus can reduce its carbon footprint and be aligned with the government’s target through promoting virtual campus and autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). Different virtual campus scenarios are developed: online classes only, working-from-home only, and a hybrid of both. In the case of AEVs, alternative penetration rates for levels 2 and 5 are considered. A total of 50 scenarios are tested using a sub-area transport simulation model for UBCO, which is extracted from the regional travel demand forecasting model. The results suggest that a 40% AEV penetration rate coupled with fully in-person classes reduces GHG by ~36% compared to the 2018-level, which will help UBCO to achieve their 2030 emission reduction target and be aligned with the provincial target. The 50% AEV and 10% hybrid virtual campus reduces emissions by ~48%, which is aligned with the 2040 provincial target. A fully virtual campus will help to reach the 2050 provincial target by reducing GHG by ~76%. The results further demonstrate that level 5 AEVs produce lesser emissions than level 2 at a lower AEV penetration rate for the fully in-person campus scenario. At higher penetration rates, level 5 performs better only if it is coupled with 10% of students, faculties and staffs attending virtual campus scenario.
format	article
author	Bijoy Saha Mahmudur Rahman Fatmi
author_facet	Bijoy Saha Mahmudur Rahman Fatmi
author_sort	Bijoy Saha
title	Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School
title_short	Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School
title_full	Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School
title_fullStr	Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School
title_full_unstemmed	Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School
title_sort	simulating the impacts of hybrid campus and autonomous electric vehicles as ghg mitigation strategies: a case study for a mid-size canadian post-secondary school
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/751e5195725548bf88097703de51ac5e
work_keys_str_mv	AT bijoysaha simulatingtheimpactsofhybridcampusandautonomouselectricvehiclesasghgmitigationstrategiesacasestudyforamidsizecanadianpostsecondaryschool AT mahmudurrahmanfatmi simulatingtheimpactsofhybridcampusandautonomouselectricvehiclesasghgmitigationstrategiesacasestudyforamidsizecanadianpostsecondaryschool
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Simulating the Impacts of Hybrid Campus and Autonomous Electric Vehicles as GHG Mitigation Strategies: A Case Study for a Mid-Size Canadian Post-Secondary School

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