A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications
Supercapacitors (SCs) have received much interest due to their enhanced electrochemical performance, superior cycling life, excellent specific power, and fast charging–discharging rate. The energy density of SCs is comparable to batteries; however, their power density and cyclability are higher by s...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:753485de6f2e4b018944ce7b22cdc0072021-11-25T17:28:40ZA Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications10.3390/en142277791996-1073https://doaj.org/article/753485de6f2e4b018944ce7b22cdc0072021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7779https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Supercapacitors (SCs) have received much interest due to their enhanced electrochemical performance, superior cycling life, excellent specific power, and fast charging–discharging rate. The energy density of SCs is comparable to batteries; however, their power density and cyclability are higher by several orders of magnitude relative to batteries, making them a flexible and compromising energy storage alternative, provided a proper design and efficient materials are used. This review emphasizes various types of SCs, such as electrochemical double-layer capacitors, hybrid supercapacitors, and pseudo-supercapacitors. Furthermore, various synthesis strategies, including sol-gel, electro-polymerization, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, chemical vapor deposition, direct coating, vacuum filtration, de-alloying, microwave auxiliary, in situ polymerization, electro-spinning, silar, carbonization, dipping, and drying methods, are discussed. Furthermore, various functionalizations of SC electrode materials are summarized. In addition to their potential applications, brief insights into the recent advances and associated problems are provided, along with conclusions. This review is a noteworthy addition because of its simplicity and conciseness with regard to SCs, which can be helpful for researchers who are not directly involved in electrochemical energy storage.Muhammad YaseenMuhammad Arif Khan KhattakMuhammad HumayunMuhammad UsmanSyed Shaheen ShahShaista BibiBakhtiar Syed Ul HasnainShah Masood AhmadAbbas KhanNasrullah ShahAsif Ali TahirHabib UllahMDPI AGarticlesupercapacitorsynthesisfunctionalizationapplicationsTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7779, p 7779 (2021) |
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supercapacitor synthesis functionalization applications Technology T |
| spellingShingle |
supercapacitor synthesis functionalization applications Technology T Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Arif Khan Khattak Muhammad Humayun Muhammad Usman Syed Shaheen Shah Shaista Bibi Bakhtiar Syed Ul Hasnain Shah Masood Ahmad Abbas Khan Nasrullah Shah Asif Ali Tahir Habib Ullah A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications |
| description |
Supercapacitors (SCs) have received much interest due to their enhanced electrochemical performance, superior cycling life, excellent specific power, and fast charging–discharging rate. The energy density of SCs is comparable to batteries; however, their power density and cyclability are higher by several orders of magnitude relative to batteries, making them a flexible and compromising energy storage alternative, provided a proper design and efficient materials are used. This review emphasizes various types of SCs, such as electrochemical double-layer capacitors, hybrid supercapacitors, and pseudo-supercapacitors. Furthermore, various synthesis strategies, including sol-gel, electro-polymerization, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, chemical vapor deposition, direct coating, vacuum filtration, de-alloying, microwave auxiliary, in situ polymerization, electro-spinning, silar, carbonization, dipping, and drying methods, are discussed. Furthermore, various functionalizations of SC electrode materials are summarized. In addition to their potential applications, brief insights into the recent advances and associated problems are provided, along with conclusions. This review is a noteworthy addition because of its simplicity and conciseness with regard to SCs, which can be helpful for researchers who are not directly involved in electrochemical energy storage. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Arif Khan Khattak Muhammad Humayun Muhammad Usman Syed Shaheen Shah Shaista Bibi Bakhtiar Syed Ul Hasnain Shah Masood Ahmad Abbas Khan Nasrullah Shah Asif Ali Tahir Habib Ullah |
| author_facet |
Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Arif Khan Khattak Muhammad Humayun Muhammad Usman Syed Shaheen Shah Shaista Bibi Bakhtiar Syed Ul Hasnain Shah Masood Ahmad Abbas Khan Nasrullah Shah Asif Ali Tahir Habib Ullah |
| author_sort |
Muhammad Yaseen |
| title |
A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications |
| title_short |
A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications |
| title_full |
A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications |
| title_fullStr |
A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications |
| title_sort |
review of supercapacitors: materials design, modification, and applications |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/753485de6f2e4b018944ce7b22cdc007 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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