Passive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats

The assessment of the degree to which biological communities in streams impaired by acid mine drainage (AMD) are restored by passive treatment has focused primarily on eukaryotic-cell organisms and microbial processes. The responses of microbial community structure to passive treatment have received...

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Autores principales:	Alexis N. Neff, Dean M. DeNicola, Chris Maltman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	anoxic limestone drain nitrification leaf decomposition mining restoration stream microbes stream bacteria Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/75350069fb9b4c6bbaf4056298945381
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:75350069fb9b4c6bbaf40562989453812021-11-25T19:16:37ZPassive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats10.3390/w132233002073-4441https://doaj.org/article/75350069fb9b4c6bbaf40562989453812021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3300https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The assessment of the degree to which biological communities in streams impaired by acid mine drainage (AMD) are restored by passive treatment has focused primarily on eukaryotic-cell organisms and microbial processes. The responses of microbial community structure to passive treatment have received much less attention, even though functional processes such as nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition depend on taxonomic composition. Our objective was to determine the degree to which passive treatment restored microbial communities in three types of habitats: aqueous, leaf, and sediment. To assess their recovery, we compared the community composition in these habitats based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing at three different stream sites: an untreated AMD site (U), a remediated site below AMD passive treatment (T), and an unimpaired reference site (R). The acidity, conductivity, and soluble metal concentrations at T were found to be elevated compared to R, but generally 1–2 orders of magnitude less than at U. Microbial community composition was found to be synergistically affected by habitat type and AMD impact, with the similarity among communities in the three habitats increasing with the severity of the AMD. Sediment- and leaf-associated microbial communities at U were characterized by taxa that are tolerant to severe AMD. The absence of the nitrogen oxidizing bacterium <i>Nitrospira</i> in sediment communities at T and U was found to correspond to higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> concentrations compared to R, possibly because of the presence of iron oxyhydroxide precipitate. In contrast, the microbial composition was found to be similar between the T and R sites for both aqueous and leaf communities, indicating that passive treatment was more able to restore these communities to the reference condition than sediment communities. The remediation of AMD streams should consider the habitat-specific responses of microbial community composition and be guided by future studies that empirically couple changes in taxonomic composition to measured functional processes.Alexis N. NeffDean M. DeNicolaChris MaltmanMDPI AGarticleanoxic limestone drainnitrificationleaf decompositionmining restorationstream microbesstream bacteriaHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3300, p 3300 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anoxic limestone drain nitrification leaf decomposition mining restoration stream microbes stream bacteria Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	anoxic limestone drain nitrification leaf decomposition mining restoration stream microbes stream bacteria Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Alexis N. Neff Dean M. DeNicola Chris Maltman Passive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats
description	The assessment of the degree to which biological communities in streams impaired by acid mine drainage (AMD) are restored by passive treatment has focused primarily on eukaryotic-cell organisms and microbial processes. The responses of microbial community structure to passive treatment have received much less attention, even though functional processes such as nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition depend on taxonomic composition. Our objective was to determine the degree to which passive treatment restored microbial communities in three types of habitats: aqueous, leaf, and sediment. To assess their recovery, we compared the community composition in these habitats based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing at three different stream sites: an untreated AMD site (U), a remediated site below AMD passive treatment (T), and an unimpaired reference site (R). The acidity, conductivity, and soluble metal concentrations at T were found to be elevated compared to R, but generally 1–2 orders of magnitude less than at U. Microbial community composition was found to be synergistically affected by habitat type and AMD impact, with the similarity among communities in the three habitats increasing with the severity of the AMD. Sediment- and leaf-associated microbial communities at U were characterized by taxa that are tolerant to severe AMD. The absence of the nitrogen oxidizing bacterium <i>Nitrospira</i> in sediment communities at T and U was found to correspond to higher NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> concentrations compared to R, possibly because of the presence of iron oxyhydroxide precipitate. In contrast, the microbial composition was found to be similar between the T and R sites for both aqueous and leaf communities, indicating that passive treatment was more able to restore these communities to the reference condition than sediment communities. The remediation of AMD streams should consider the habitat-specific responses of microbial community composition and be guided by future studies that empirically couple changes in taxonomic composition to measured functional processes.
format	article
author	Alexis N. Neff Dean M. DeNicola Chris Maltman
author_facet	Alexis N. Neff Dean M. DeNicola Chris Maltman
author_sort	Alexis N. Neff
title	Passive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats
title_short	Passive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats
title_full	Passive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats
title_fullStr	Passive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats
title_full_unstemmed	Passive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats
title_sort	passive treatment for acid mine drainage partially restores microbial community structure in different stream habitats
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/75350069fb9b4c6bbaf4056298945381
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Passive Treatment for Acid Mine Drainage Partially Restores Microbial Community Structure in Different Stream Habitats

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