Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study

Abstract Stereopsis is a valuable feature of human visual perception, which may be impaired or absent in amblyopia and/or strabismus but can be improved through perceptual learning (PL) and videogames. The development of consumer virtual reality (VR) may provide a useful tool for improving stereovis...

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Autores principales:	Angelica Godinez, Santiago Martín-González, Oliver Ibarrondo, Dennis M. Levi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/75523deedfcb4523973d5d6faa89156e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:75523deedfcb4523973d5d6faa89156e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:75523deedfcb4523973d5d6faa89156e2021-12-02T15:54:45ZScaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study10.1038/s41598-021-89064-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/75523deedfcb4523973d5d6faa89156e2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89064-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Stereopsis is a valuable feature of human visual perception, which may be impaired or absent in amblyopia and/or strabismus but can be improved through perceptual learning (PL) and videogames. The development of consumer virtual reality (VR) may provide a useful tool for improving stereovision. We report a proof of concept study, especially useful for strabismic patients and/or those with reduced or null stereoacuity. Our novel VR PL strategy is based on a principled approach which included aligning and balancing the perceptual input to the two eyes, dichoptic tasks, exposure to large disparities, scaffolding depth cues and perception for action. We recruited ten adults with normal vision and ten with binocular impairments. Participants played two novel PL games (DartBoard and Halloween) using a VR-HMD. Each game consisted of three depth cue scaffolding conditions, starting with non-binocular and binocular cues to depth and ending with only binocular disparity. All stereo-anomalous participants improved in the game and most (9/10) showed transfer to clinical and psychophysical stereoacuity tests (mean stereoacuity changed from 569 to 296 arc seconds, P < 0.0001). Stereo-normal participants also showed in-game improvement, which transferred to psychophysical tests (mean stereoacuity changed from 23 to a ceiling value of 20 arc seconds, P = 0.001). We conclude that a VR PL approach based on depth cue scaffolding may provide a useful method for improving stereoacuity, and the in-game performance metrics may provide useful insights into principles for effective treatment of stereo anomalies. This study was registered as a clinical trial on 04/05/2010 with the identifier NCT01115283 at ClinicalTrials.gov.Angelica GodinezSantiago Martín-GonzálezOliver IbarrondoDennis M. LeviNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Angelica Godinez Santiago Martín-González Oliver Ibarrondo Dennis M. Levi Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study
description	Abstract Stereopsis is a valuable feature of human visual perception, which may be impaired or absent in amblyopia and/or strabismus but can be improved through perceptual learning (PL) and videogames. The development of consumer virtual reality (VR) may provide a useful tool for improving stereovision. We report a proof of concept study, especially useful for strabismic patients and/or those with reduced or null stereoacuity. Our novel VR PL strategy is based on a principled approach which included aligning and balancing the perceptual input to the two eyes, dichoptic tasks, exposure to large disparities, scaffolding depth cues and perception for action. We recruited ten adults with normal vision and ten with binocular impairments. Participants played two novel PL games (DartBoard and Halloween) using a VR-HMD. Each game consisted of three depth cue scaffolding conditions, starting with non-binocular and binocular cues to depth and ending with only binocular disparity. All stereo-anomalous participants improved in the game and most (9/10) showed transfer to clinical and psychophysical stereoacuity tests (mean stereoacuity changed from 569 to 296 arc seconds, P < 0.0001). Stereo-normal participants also showed in-game improvement, which transferred to psychophysical tests (mean stereoacuity changed from 23 to a ceiling value of 20 arc seconds, P = 0.001). We conclude that a VR PL approach based on depth cue scaffolding may provide a useful method for improving stereoacuity, and the in-game performance metrics may provide useful insights into principles for effective treatment of stereo anomalies. This study was registered as a clinical trial on 04/05/2010 with the identifier NCT01115283 at ClinicalTrials.gov.
format	article
author	Angelica Godinez Santiago Martín-González Oliver Ibarrondo Dennis M. Levi
author_facet	Angelica Godinez Santiago Martín-González Oliver Ibarrondo Dennis M. Levi
author_sort	Angelica Godinez
title	Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study
title_short	Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study
title_full	Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study
title_fullStr	Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study
title_full_unstemmed	Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study
title_sort	scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in vr to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/75523deedfcb4523973d5d6faa89156e
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Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study

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