Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population

Hymenoptera stings are generally well-tolerated and usually cause limited local reactions, characterized by self-resolving erythema and edema associated with pain. However, Hymenoptera stings can induce immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. In addition to these manifestations, unusual re...

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Autores principales:	Riccardo Castagnoli, Mattia Giovannini, Francesca Mori, Simona Barni, Luca Pecoraro, Stefania Arasi, Francesca Saretta, Carla Mastrorilli, Lucia Liotti, Lucia Caminiti, Gunter Johannes Sturm, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Elio Novembre
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	unusual reactions Hymenoptera venom allergy children IgE anaphylaxis venom immunotherapy Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/759112935e9a47289d50fa299b3c47ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:759112935e9a47289d50fa299b3c47ae2021-12-01T06:09:08ZUnusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population2296-858X10.3389/fmed.2021.717290https://doaj.org/article/759112935e9a47289d50fa299b3c47ae2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.717290/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-858XHymenoptera stings are generally well-tolerated and usually cause limited local reactions, characterized by self-resolving erythema and edema associated with pain. However, Hymenoptera stings can induce immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. In addition to these manifestations, unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings have been reported. The latter are defined as unusual because of their atypical characteristics. They may differ from classical hypersensitivity reactions due to the stings' particular localization and the unusual involvement of one or more specific organs. Although unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings are infrequent, it is essential for clinicians to know the possible related clinical manifestations. Here, we review the available literature and propose a diagnostic and management algorithm. At present, there are no defined guidelines for most of the unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings, which should be managed in a tailored way according to the specifical clinical manifestations presented by the patients. Further studies are needed to better define these conditions and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.Riccardo CastagnoliMattia GiovanniniFrancesca MoriSimona BarniLuca PecoraroLuca PecoraroStefania ArasiFrancesca SarettaCarla MastrorilliLucia LiottiLucia CaminitiGunter Johannes SturmGunter Johannes SturmGian Luigi MarsegliaElio NovembreFrontiers Media S.A.articleunusual reactionsHymenoptera venom allergychildrenIgEanaphylaxisvenom immunotherapyMedicine (General)R5-920ENFrontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	unusual reactions Hymenoptera venom allergy children IgE anaphylaxis venom immunotherapy Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	unusual reactions Hymenoptera venom allergy children IgE anaphylaxis venom immunotherapy Medicine (General) R5-920 Riccardo Castagnoli Mattia Giovannini Francesca Mori Simona Barni Luca Pecoraro Luca Pecoraro Stefania Arasi Francesca Saretta Carla Mastrorilli Lucia Liotti Lucia Caminiti Gunter Johannes Sturm Gunter Johannes Sturm Gian Luigi Marseglia Elio Novembre Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population
description	Hymenoptera stings are generally well-tolerated and usually cause limited local reactions, characterized by self-resolving erythema and edema associated with pain. However, Hymenoptera stings can induce immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. In addition to these manifestations, unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings have been reported. The latter are defined as unusual because of their atypical characteristics. They may differ from classical hypersensitivity reactions due to the stings' particular localization and the unusual involvement of one or more specific organs. Although unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings are infrequent, it is essential for clinicians to know the possible related clinical manifestations. Here, we review the available literature and propose a diagnostic and management algorithm. At present, there are no defined guidelines for most of the unusual reactions to Hymenoptera stings, which should be managed in a tailored way according to the specifical clinical manifestations presented by the patients. Further studies are needed to better define these conditions and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
format	article
author	Riccardo Castagnoli Mattia Giovannini Francesca Mori Simona Barni Luca Pecoraro Luca Pecoraro Stefania Arasi Francesca Saretta Carla Mastrorilli Lucia Liotti Lucia Caminiti Gunter Johannes Sturm Gunter Johannes Sturm Gian Luigi Marseglia Elio Novembre
author_facet	Riccardo Castagnoli Mattia Giovannini Francesca Mori Simona Barni Luca Pecoraro Luca Pecoraro Stefania Arasi Francesca Saretta Carla Mastrorilli Lucia Liotti Lucia Caminiti Gunter Johannes Sturm Gunter Johannes Sturm Gian Luigi Marseglia Elio Novembre
author_sort	Riccardo Castagnoli
title	Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population
title_short	Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population
title_full	Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population
title_fullStr	Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population
title_full_unstemmed	Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population
title_sort	unusual reactions to hymenoptera stings: current knowledge and unmet needs in the pediatric population
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/759112935e9a47289d50fa299b3c47ae
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Unusual Reactions to Hymenoptera Stings: Current Knowledge and Unmet Needs in the Pediatric Population

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