Target Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria

ABSTRACT A novel type of antibacterial screening method, a target mechanism-based whole-cell screening method, was developed to combine the advantages of target mechanism- and whole-cell-based approaches. A mycobacterial reporter strain with a synthetic phenotype for caseinolytic protease (ClpP1P2)...

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Autores principales:	Wilfried Moreira, Grace J. Y. Ngan, Jian Liang Low, Anders Poulsen, Brian C. S. Chia, Melgious J. Y. Ang, Amelia Yap, Justina Fulwood, Umayal Lakshmanan, Jolander Lim, Audrey Y. T. Khoo, Horst Flotow, Jeffrey Hill, Ravikiran M. Raju, Eric J. Rubin, Thomas Dick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/759d7a3e9b8f46bb802568696b32e7c6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:759d7a3e9b8f46bb802568696b32e7c62021-11-15T15:49:02ZTarget Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria10.1128/mBio.00253-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/759d7a3e9b8f46bb802568696b32e7c62015-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00253-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT A novel type of antibacterial screening method, a target mechanism-based whole-cell screening method, was developed to combine the advantages of target mechanism- and whole-cell-based approaches. A mycobacterial reporter strain with a synthetic phenotype for caseinolytic protease (ClpP1P2) activity was engineered, allowing the detection of inhibitors of this enzyme inside intact bacilli. A high-throughput screening method identified bortezomib, a human 26S proteasome drug, as a potent inhibitor of ClpP1P2 activity and bacterial growth. A battery of secondary assays was employed to demonstrate that bortezomib indeed exerts its antimicrobial activity via inhibition of ClpP1P2: Down- or upmodulation of the intracellular protease level resulted in hyper- or hyposensitivity of the bacteria, the drug showed specific potentiation of translation error-inducing aminoglycosides, ClpP1P2-specific substrate WhiB1 accumulated upon exposure, and growth inhibition potencies of bortezomib derivatives correlated with ClpP1P2 inhibition potencies. Furthermore, molecular modeling showed that the drug can bind to the catalytic sites of ClpP1P2. This work demonstrates the feasibility of target mechanism-based whole-cell screening, provides chemical validation of ClpP1P2 as a target, and identifies a drug in clinical use as a new lead compound for tuberculosis therapy. IMPORTANCE During the last decade, antibacterial drug discovery relied on biochemical assays, rather than whole-cell approaches, to identify molecules that interact with purified target proteins derived by genomics. This approach failed to deliver antibacterial compounds with whole-cell activity, either because of cell permeability issues that medicinal chemistry cannot easily fix or because genomic data of essentiality insufficiently predicted the vulnerability of the target identified. As a consequence, the field largely moved back to a whole-cell approach whose main limitation is its black-box nature, i.e., that it requires trial-and-error chemistry because the cellular target is unknown. We developed a novel type of antibacterial screening method, target mechanism-based whole-cell screening, to combine the advantages of both approaches. We engineered a mycobacterial reporter strain with a synthetic phenotype allowing us to identify inhibitors of the caseinolytic protease (ClpP1P2) inside the cell. This approach identified bortezomib, an anticancer drug, as a specific inhibitor of ClpP1P2. We further confirmed the specific “on-target” activity of bortezomib by independent approaches including, but not limited to, genetic manipulation of the target level (over- and underexpressing strains) and by establishing a dynamic structure-activity relationship between ClpP1P2 and growth inhibition. Identifying an “on-target” compound is critical to optimize the efficacy of the compound without compromising its specificity. This work demonstrates the feasibility of target mechanism-based whole-cell screening methods, validates ClpP1P2 as a druggable target, and delivers a lead compound for tuberculosis therapy.Wilfried MoreiraGrace J. Y. NganJian Liang LowAnders PoulsenBrian C. S. ChiaMelgious J. Y. AngAmelia YapJustina FulwoodUmayal LakshmananJolander LimAudrey Y. T. KhooHorst FlotowJeffrey HillRavikiran M. RajuEric J. RubinThomas DickAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 3 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Wilfried Moreira Grace J. Y. Ngan Jian Liang Low Anders Poulsen Brian C. S. Chia Melgious J. Y. Ang Amelia Yap Justina Fulwood Umayal Lakshmanan Jolander Lim Audrey Y. T. Khoo Horst Flotow Jeffrey Hill Ravikiran M. Raju Eric J. Rubin Thomas Dick Target Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria
description	ABSTRACT A novel type of antibacterial screening method, a target mechanism-based whole-cell screening method, was developed to combine the advantages of target mechanism- and whole-cell-based approaches. A mycobacterial reporter strain with a synthetic phenotype for caseinolytic protease (ClpP1P2) activity was engineered, allowing the detection of inhibitors of this enzyme inside intact bacilli. A high-throughput screening method identified bortezomib, a human 26S proteasome drug, as a potent inhibitor of ClpP1P2 activity and bacterial growth. A battery of secondary assays was employed to demonstrate that bortezomib indeed exerts its antimicrobial activity via inhibition of ClpP1P2: Down- or upmodulation of the intracellular protease level resulted in hyper- or hyposensitivity of the bacteria, the drug showed specific potentiation of translation error-inducing aminoglycosides, ClpP1P2-specific substrate WhiB1 accumulated upon exposure, and growth inhibition potencies of bortezomib derivatives correlated with ClpP1P2 inhibition potencies. Furthermore, molecular modeling showed that the drug can bind to the catalytic sites of ClpP1P2. This work demonstrates the feasibility of target mechanism-based whole-cell screening, provides chemical validation of ClpP1P2 as a target, and identifies a drug in clinical use as a new lead compound for tuberculosis therapy. IMPORTANCE During the last decade, antibacterial drug discovery relied on biochemical assays, rather than whole-cell approaches, to identify molecules that interact with purified target proteins derived by genomics. This approach failed to deliver antibacterial compounds with whole-cell activity, either because of cell permeability issues that medicinal chemistry cannot easily fix or because genomic data of essentiality insufficiently predicted the vulnerability of the target identified. As a consequence, the field largely moved back to a whole-cell approach whose main limitation is its black-box nature, i.e., that it requires trial-and-error chemistry because the cellular target is unknown. We developed a novel type of antibacterial screening method, target mechanism-based whole-cell screening, to combine the advantages of both approaches. We engineered a mycobacterial reporter strain with a synthetic phenotype allowing us to identify inhibitors of the caseinolytic protease (ClpP1P2) inside the cell. This approach identified bortezomib, an anticancer drug, as a specific inhibitor of ClpP1P2. We further confirmed the specific “on-target” activity of bortezomib by independent approaches including, but not limited to, genetic manipulation of the target level (over- and underexpressing strains) and by establishing a dynamic structure-activity relationship between ClpP1P2 and growth inhibition. Identifying an “on-target” compound is critical to optimize the efficacy of the compound without compromising its specificity. This work demonstrates the feasibility of target mechanism-based whole-cell screening methods, validates ClpP1P2 as a druggable target, and delivers a lead compound for tuberculosis therapy.
format	article
author	Wilfried Moreira Grace J. Y. Ngan Jian Liang Low Anders Poulsen Brian C. S. Chia Melgious J. Y. Ang Amelia Yap Justina Fulwood Umayal Lakshmanan Jolander Lim Audrey Y. T. Khoo Horst Flotow Jeffrey Hill Ravikiran M. Raju Eric J. Rubin Thomas Dick
author_facet	Wilfried Moreira Grace J. Y. Ngan Jian Liang Low Anders Poulsen Brian C. S. Chia Melgious J. Y. Ang Amelia Yap Justina Fulwood Umayal Lakshmanan Jolander Lim Audrey Y. T. Khoo Horst Flotow Jeffrey Hill Ravikiran M. Raju Eric J. Rubin Thomas Dick
author_sort	Wilfried Moreira
title	Target Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria
title_short	Target Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria
title_full	Target Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria
title_fullStr	Target Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria
title_full_unstemmed	Target Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria
title_sort	target mechanism-based whole-cell screening identifies bortezomib as an inhibitor of caseinolytic protease in mycobacteria
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/759d7a3e9b8f46bb802568696b32e7c6
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Target Mechanism-Based Whole-Cell Screening Identifies Bortezomib as an Inhibitor of Caseinolytic Protease in Mycobacteria

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