Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering

The Umba River basin is one of the smaller-scale hydrological basins in the East African region. It traverses two countries, with its catchment in the Usambara mountains in Tanzania, while it drains its waters to the Indian Ocean in Vanga, Kenya. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the ri...

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Autores principales:	Kimeli Amon, Ocholla Oliver, Okello Judith, Koedam Nico, Westphal Hildegard, Kairo James
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2021
Materias:	geochemistry provenance weathering umba river petrography mineralogy kenya tanzania geology Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/75b7f3b99ea84428b0d6f9024fcd12f8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:75b7f3b99ea84428b0d6f9024fcd12f82021-12-05T14:10:49ZGeochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering2391-544710.1515/geo-2020-0275https://doaj.org/article/75b7f3b99ea84428b0d6f9024fcd12f82021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0275https://doaj.org/toc/2391-5447The Umba River basin is one of the smaller-scale hydrological basins in the East African region. It traverses two countries, with its catchment in the Usambara mountains in Tanzania, while it drains its waters to the Indian Ocean in Vanga, Kenya. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the riverbank and bottom sediments of the Umba River were analyzed and evaluated to describe their source characteristics and provenance. The dominant minerals include quartz, K-feldspars, plagioclase, hornblende, pyroxenes, muscovite, biotite, and likely presence of clays such as kaolinite. The chemical index of alteration of the sediments indicate a moderate to high degree of alteration. They reflect a dominant mafic to intermediate igneous provenance consistent with the geology of the Umba River catchment that is characterized by the outcrops of the granitic Precambrian basement and the quartz-dominated Paleozoic Karoo Supergroup, overlain by Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments dominated by both mafic and felsic minerals. The similarity of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the Umba River sediments from source to mouth further indicates a uniform source in the upper course of the river and only subordinate contributions from the lower course where it passes the Karoo and the younger sediments.Kimeli AmonOcholla OliverOkello JudithKoedam NicoWestphal HildegardKairo JamesDe Gruyterarticlegeochemistryprovenanceweatheringumba riverpetrographymineralogykenyatanzaniageologyGeologyQE1-996.5ENOpen Geosciences, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1064-1083 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	geochemistry provenance weathering umba river petrography mineralogy kenya tanzania geology Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	geochemistry provenance weathering umba river petrography mineralogy kenya tanzania geology Geology QE1-996.5 Kimeli Amon Ocholla Oliver Okello Judith Koedam Nico Westphal Hildegard Kairo James Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering
description	The Umba River basin is one of the smaller-scale hydrological basins in the East African region. It traverses two countries, with its catchment in the Usambara mountains in Tanzania, while it drains its waters to the Indian Ocean in Vanga, Kenya. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the riverbank and bottom sediments of the Umba River were analyzed and evaluated to describe their source characteristics and provenance. The dominant minerals include quartz, K-feldspars, plagioclase, hornblende, pyroxenes, muscovite, biotite, and likely presence of clays such as kaolinite. The chemical index of alteration of the sediments indicate a moderate to high degree of alteration. They reflect a dominant mafic to intermediate igneous provenance consistent with the geology of the Umba River catchment that is characterized by the outcrops of the granitic Precambrian basement and the quartz-dominated Paleozoic Karoo Supergroup, overlain by Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments dominated by both mafic and felsic minerals. The similarity of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the Umba River sediments from source to mouth further indicates a uniform source in the upper course of the river and only subordinate contributions from the lower course where it passes the Karoo and the younger sediments.
format	article
author	Kimeli Amon Ocholla Oliver Okello Judith Koedam Nico Westphal Hildegard Kairo James
author_facet	Kimeli Amon Ocholla Oliver Okello Judith Koedam Nico Westphal Hildegard Kairo James
author_sort	Kimeli Amon
title	Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering
title_short	Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering
title_full	Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering
title_fullStr	Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering
title_full_unstemmed	Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering
title_sort	geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (kenya–tanzania) umba river as indicators of provenance and weathering
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/75b7f3b99ea84428b0d6f9024fcd12f8
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Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering

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