The Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?

The Filippi’s glands (FGs), formerly “Lyonet’s glands”, are paired accessory organs associated with the silk glands. They are unique to Lepidoptera caterpillars and their exact role is not clear. The FGs are thought to be involved in the construction of a silk cocoon in bombycoid moths. FGs can diff...

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Autores principales:	Hana Sehadova, Radka Zavodska, Michal Zurovec, Ivo Sauman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Filippi’s glands Saturniidae Sphingidae Pyralidae <i>Bombyx mori</i> silk Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/75ee774659954d35b363518dd8bef011
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:75ee774659954d35b363518dd8bef0112021-11-25T18:00:00ZThe Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?10.3390/insects121110402075-4450https://doaj.org/article/75ee774659954d35b363518dd8bef0112021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1040https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450The Filippi’s glands (FGs), formerly “Lyonet’s glands”, are paired accessory organs associated with the silk glands. They are unique to Lepidoptera caterpillars and their exact role is not clear. The FGs are thought to be involved in the construction of a silk cocoon in bombycoid moths. FGs can differ in size and shape, therefore, in this study we attempt to find a correlation between FG morphology and phylogenetic position within the Bombycoidea. We use light and electron microscopy to examine the presence and morphology of FGs in a range of wild (giant) silk moths and several related species. Our results confirm that the majority of studied silk moth species have complex type of FGs that continuously increase in size during larval development. We identified several species of giant silk moths and two hawk moth species that completely lack FGs throughout their larval development. Finally, in several hawk moth species in which FGs are well developed during the first larval stage, these glands do not grow and remain small during later larval growth. Our results suggest that FGs are not critical for spinning and that loss of FGs occurred several times during the evolution of saturniids and sphingids. Comparison of FGs in different moths is an important first step in the elucidation of their physiological significance.Hana SehadovaRadka ZavodskaMichal ZurovecIvo SaumanMDPI AGarticleFilippi’s glandsSaturniidaeSphingidaePyralidae<i>Bombyx mori</i>silkScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 1040, p 1040 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Filippi’s glands Saturniidae Sphingidae Pyralidae <i>Bombyx mori</i> silk Science Q
spellingShingle	Filippi’s glands Saturniidae Sphingidae Pyralidae <i>Bombyx mori</i> silk Science Q Hana Sehadova Radka Zavodska Michal Zurovec Ivo Sauman The Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?
description	The Filippi’s glands (FGs), formerly “Lyonet’s glands”, are paired accessory organs associated with the silk glands. They are unique to Lepidoptera caterpillars and their exact role is not clear. The FGs are thought to be involved in the construction of a silk cocoon in bombycoid moths. FGs can differ in size and shape, therefore, in this study we attempt to find a correlation between FG morphology and phylogenetic position within the Bombycoidea. We use light and electron microscopy to examine the presence and morphology of FGs in a range of wild (giant) silk moths and several related species. Our results confirm that the majority of studied silk moth species have complex type of FGs that continuously increase in size during larval development. We identified several species of giant silk moths and two hawk moth species that completely lack FGs throughout their larval development. Finally, in several hawk moth species in which FGs are well developed during the first larval stage, these glands do not grow and remain small during later larval growth. Our results suggest that FGs are not critical for spinning and that loss of FGs occurred several times during the evolution of saturniids and sphingids. Comparison of FGs in different moths is an important first step in the elucidation of their physiological significance.
format	article
author	Hana Sehadova Radka Zavodska Michal Zurovec Ivo Sauman
author_facet	Hana Sehadova Radka Zavodska Michal Zurovec Ivo Sauman
author_sort	Hana Sehadova
title	The Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?
title_short	The Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?
title_full	The Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?
title_fullStr	The Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?
title_full_unstemmed	The Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?
title_sort	filippi’s glands of giant silk moths: to be or not to be?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/75ee774659954d35b363518dd8bef011
work_keys_str_mv	AT hanasehadova thefilippisglandsofgiantsilkmothstobeornottobe AT radkazavodska thefilippisglandsofgiantsilkmothstobeornottobe AT michalzurovec thefilippisglandsofgiantsilkmothstobeornottobe AT ivosauman thefilippisglandsofgiantsilkmothstobeornottobe AT hanasehadova filippisglandsofgiantsilkmothstobeornottobe AT radkazavodska filippisglandsofgiantsilkmothstobeornottobe AT michalzurovec filippisglandsofgiantsilkmothstobeornottobe AT ivosauman filippisglandsofgiantsilkmothstobeornottobe
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The Filippi’s Glands of Giant Silk Moths: To Be or Not to Be?

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