Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.

<h4>Background</h4>In lipid bilayers, cholesterol facilitates the formation of the liquid-ordered phase and enables the formation of laterally ordered structures such as lipid rafts. While these domains have an important role in a variety of cellular processes, the precise atomic-level m...

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Autores principales:	Hector Martinez-Seara, Tomasz Róg, Mikko Karttunen, Ilpo Vattulainen, Ramon Reigada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/75f4ed0f1c5544019b2d610f93e3b188
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:75f4ed0f1c5544019b2d610f93e3b1882021-12-02T20:20:42ZCholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0011162https://doaj.org/article/75f4ed0f1c5544019b2d610f93e3b1882010-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20567600/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>In lipid bilayers, cholesterol facilitates the formation of the liquid-ordered phase and enables the formation of laterally ordered structures such as lipid rafts. While these domains have an important role in a variety of cellular processes, the precise atomic-level mechanisms responsible for cholesterol's specific ordering and packing capability have remained unresolved.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Our atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations reveal that this ordering and the associated packing effects in membranes largely result from cholesterol's molecular structure, which differentiates cholesterol from other sterols. We find that cholesterol molecules prefer to be located in the second coordination shell, avoiding direct cholesterol-cholesterol contacts, and form a three-fold symmetric arrangement with proximal cholesterol molecules. At larger distances, the lateral three-fold organization is broken by thermal fluctuations. For other sterols having less structural asymmetry, the three-fold arrangement is considerably lost.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We conclude that cholesterol molecules act collectively in lipid membranes. This is the main reason why the liquid-ordered phase only emerges for Chol concentrations well above 10 mol% where the collective self-organization of Chol molecules emerges spontaneously. The collective ordering process requires specific molecular-scale features that explain why different sterols have very different membrane ordering properties: the three-fold symmetry in the Chol-Chol organization arises from the cholesterol off-plane methyl groups allowing the identification of raft-promoting sterols from those that do not promote rafts.Hector Martinez-SearaTomasz RógMikko KarttunenIlpo VattulainenRamon ReigadaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 6, p e11162 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hector Martinez-Seara Tomasz Róg Mikko Karttunen Ilpo Vattulainen Ramon Reigada Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In lipid bilayers, cholesterol facilitates the formation of the liquid-ordered phase and enables the formation of laterally ordered structures such as lipid rafts. While these domains have an important role in a variety of cellular processes, the precise atomic-level mechanisms responsible for cholesterol's specific ordering and packing capability have remained unresolved.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Our atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations reveal that this ordering and the associated packing effects in membranes largely result from cholesterol's molecular structure, which differentiates cholesterol from other sterols. We find that cholesterol molecules prefer to be located in the second coordination shell, avoiding direct cholesterol-cholesterol contacts, and form a three-fold symmetric arrangement with proximal cholesterol molecules. At larger distances, the lateral three-fold organization is broken by thermal fluctuations. For other sterols having less structural asymmetry, the three-fold arrangement is considerably lost.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We conclude that cholesterol molecules act collectively in lipid membranes. This is the main reason why the liquid-ordered phase only emerges for Chol concentrations well above 10 mol% where the collective self-organization of Chol molecules emerges spontaneously. The collective ordering process requires specific molecular-scale features that explain why different sterols have very different membrane ordering properties: the three-fold symmetry in the Chol-Chol organization arises from the cholesterol off-plane methyl groups allowing the identification of raft-promoting sterols from those that do not promote rafts.
format	article
author	Hector Martinez-Seara Tomasz Róg Mikko Karttunen Ilpo Vattulainen Ramon Reigada
author_facet	Hector Martinez-Seara Tomasz Róg Mikko Karttunen Ilpo Vattulainen Ramon Reigada
author_sort	Hector Martinez-Seara
title	Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.
title_short	Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.
title_full	Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.
title_fullStr	Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.
title_full_unstemmed	Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.
title_sort	cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/75f4ed0f1c5544019b2d610f93e3b188
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Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes.

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