Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment

This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains that reflect the characteristics of four oceangoing vessels to evaluate the efficacy of ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine environment. Relying on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical engineering, the models adeq...

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Autores principales:	Thomas Buckley Imhoff, Savvas Gkantonas, Epaminondas Mastorakos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ammonia marine propulsion shipping decarbonisation powertrain Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/760e5d18fb5e49e6b32551ed11d09b34
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:760e5d18fb5e49e6b32551ed11d09b342021-11-11T16:09:20ZAnalysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment10.3390/en142174471996-1073https://doaj.org/article/760e5d18fb5e49e6b32551ed11d09b342021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7447https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains that reflect the characteristics of four oceangoing vessels to evaluate the efficacy of ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine environment. Relying on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical engineering, the models adequately capture the behaviour of internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel processing equipment, and exhaust aftertreatment components. The performance of each vessel is evaluated by comparing its maximum range and cargo capacity to a conventional vessel. Results indicate that per unit output power, ammonia-fuelled internal combustion engines are more efficient, require less catalytic material, and have lower auxiliary power requirements than ammonia gas turbines. Most merchant vessels are strong candidates for ammonia fuelling if the operators can overcome capacity losses between 4% and 9%, assuming that the updated vessels retain the same range as a conventional vessel. The study also establishes that naval vessels are less likely to adopt ammonia powertrains without significant redesigns. Ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine sector is a compelling option if the detailed component design continues to show that the concept is practically feasible. The present data and models can help in such feasibility studies for a range of vessels and propulsion technologies.Thomas Buckley ImhoffSavvas GkantonasEpaminondas MastorakosMDPI AGarticleammoniamarine propulsionshippingdecarbonisationpowertrainTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7447, p 7447 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ammonia marine propulsion shipping decarbonisation powertrain Technology T
spellingShingle	ammonia marine propulsion shipping decarbonisation powertrain Technology T Thomas Buckley Imhoff Savvas Gkantonas Epaminondas Mastorakos Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment
description	This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains that reflect the characteristics of four oceangoing vessels to evaluate the efficacy of ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine environment. Relying on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical engineering, the models adequately capture the behaviour of internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel processing equipment, and exhaust aftertreatment components. The performance of each vessel is evaluated by comparing its maximum range and cargo capacity to a conventional vessel. Results indicate that per unit output power, ammonia-fuelled internal combustion engines are more efficient, require less catalytic material, and have lower auxiliary power requirements than ammonia gas turbines. Most merchant vessels are strong candidates for ammonia fuelling if the operators can overcome capacity losses between 4% and 9%, assuming that the updated vessels retain the same range as a conventional vessel. The study also establishes that naval vessels are less likely to adopt ammonia powertrains without significant redesigns. Ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine sector is a compelling option if the detailed component design continues to show that the concept is practically feasible. The present data and models can help in such feasibility studies for a range of vessels and propulsion technologies.
format	article
author	Thomas Buckley Imhoff Savvas Gkantonas Epaminondas Mastorakos
author_facet	Thomas Buckley Imhoff Savvas Gkantonas Epaminondas Mastorakos
author_sort	Thomas Buckley Imhoff
title	Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment
title_short	Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment
title_full	Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment
title_fullStr	Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment
title_full_unstemmed	Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment
title_sort	analysing the performance of ammonia powertrains in the marine environment
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/760e5d18fb5e49e6b32551ed11d09b34
work_keys_str_mv	AT thomasbuckleyimhoff analysingtheperformanceofammoniapowertrainsinthemarineenvironment AT savvasgkantonas analysingtheperformanceofammoniapowertrainsinthemarineenvironment AT epaminondasmastorakos analysingtheperformanceofammoniapowertrainsinthemarineenvironment
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Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment

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