Patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.

Celiac disease is a common small intestinal inflammatory condition induced by wheat gluten and related proteins from rye and barley. Left untreated, the clinical presentation of CD can include failure to thrive, malnutrition, and distension in juveniles. The disease can additionally lead to vitamin...

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Autores principales:	Aaron Sams, John Hawks
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7626286bbf384a0eb265b7c39ca1ff3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7626286bbf384a0eb265b7c39ca1ff3b2021-11-18T09:01:46ZPatterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0070564https://doaj.org/article/7626286bbf384a0eb265b7c39ca1ff3b2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23936230/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Celiac disease is a common small intestinal inflammatory condition induced by wheat gluten and related proteins from rye and barley. Left untreated, the clinical presentation of CD can include failure to thrive, malnutrition, and distension in juveniles. The disease can additionally lead to vitamin deficiencies, anemia, and osteoporosis. Therefore, CD potentially negatively affected fitness in past populations utilizing wheat, barley, and rye. Previous analyses of CD risk variants have uncovered evidence for positive selection on some of these loci. These studies also suggest the possibility that risk for common autoimmune conditions such as CD may be the result of positive selection on immune related loci in the genome to fight infection. Under this evolutionary scenario, disease phenotypes may be a trade-off from positive selection on immunity. If this hypothesis is generally true, we can expect to find a signal of natural selection when we survey across the network of loci known to influence CD risk. This study examines the non-HLA autosomal network of gene loci associated with CD risk in Europe. We reject the null hypothesis of neutrality on this network of CD risk loci. Additionally, we can localize evidence of selection in time and space by adding information from the genome of the Tyrolean Iceman. While we can show significant differentiation between continental regions across the CD network, the pattern of evidence is not consistent with primarily recent (Holocene) selection across this network in Europe. Further localization of ancient selection on this network may illuminate the ecological pressures acting on the immune system during this critically interesting phase of our evolution.Aaron SamsJohn HawksPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e70564 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Aaron Sams John Hawks Patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.
description	Celiac disease is a common small intestinal inflammatory condition induced by wheat gluten and related proteins from rye and barley. Left untreated, the clinical presentation of CD can include failure to thrive, malnutrition, and distension in juveniles. The disease can additionally lead to vitamin deficiencies, anemia, and osteoporosis. Therefore, CD potentially negatively affected fitness in past populations utilizing wheat, barley, and rye. Previous analyses of CD risk variants have uncovered evidence for positive selection on some of these loci. These studies also suggest the possibility that risk for common autoimmune conditions such as CD may be the result of positive selection on immune related loci in the genome to fight infection. Under this evolutionary scenario, disease phenotypes may be a trade-off from positive selection on immunity. If this hypothesis is generally true, we can expect to find a signal of natural selection when we survey across the network of loci known to influence CD risk. This study examines the non-HLA autosomal network of gene loci associated with CD risk in Europe. We reject the null hypothesis of neutrality on this network of CD risk loci. Additionally, we can localize evidence of selection in time and space by adding information from the genome of the Tyrolean Iceman. While we can show significant differentiation between continental regions across the CD network, the pattern of evidence is not consistent with primarily recent (Holocene) selection across this network in Europe. Further localization of ancient selection on this network may illuminate the ecological pressures acting on the immune system during this critically interesting phase of our evolution.
format	article
author	Aaron Sams John Hawks
author_facet	Aaron Sams John Hawks
author_sort	Aaron Sams
title	Patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.
title_short	Patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.
title_full	Patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.
title_fullStr	Patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.
title_full_unstemmed	Patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.
title_sort	patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/7626286bbf384a0eb265b7c39ca1ff3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT aaronsams patternsofpopulationdifferentiationandnaturalselectionontheceliacdiseasebackgroundrisknetwork AT johnhawks patternsofpopulationdifferentiationandnaturalselectionontheceliacdiseasebackgroundrisknetwork
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Patterns of population differentiation and natural selection on the celiac disease background risk network.

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