Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic ungulates in sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, and the Arabian Peninsula. Mosquito vectors transmit RVFV between vertebrates by bite, and also vertically to produce infectious progeny. Arrival of RVFV into the United State...

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Autores principales:	Daniel A Hartman, Nicholas A Bergren, Therese Kondash, William Schlatmann, Colleen T Webb, Rebekah C Kading
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7647351a372e4d9ba7b9fb1e099e6fd1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7647351a372e4d9ba7b9fb1e099e6fd12021-12-02T20:23:33ZSusceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009837https://doaj.org/article/7647351a372e4d9ba7b9fb1e099e6fd12021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009837https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic ungulates in sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, and the Arabian Peninsula. Mosquito vectors transmit RVFV between vertebrates by bite, and also vertically to produce infectious progeny. Arrival of RVFV into the United States by infected mosquitoes or humans could result in significant impacts on food security, human health, and wildlife health. Elucidation of the vectors involved in the post-introduction RVFV ecology is paramount to rapid implementation of vector control. We performed vector competence experiments in which field-collected mosquitoes were orally exposed to an epidemic strain of RVFV via infectious blood meals. We targeted floodwater Aedes species known to feed on cattle, and/or deer species (Aedes melanimon Dyar, Aedes increpitus Dyar, Aedes vexans Meigen). Two permanent-water-breeding species were targeted as well: Culiseta inornata Williston of unknown competence considering United States populations, and Culex tarsalis Coquillett as a control species for which transmission efficiency is known. We tested the potential for midgut infection, midgut escape (dissemination), ovarian infection (vertical transmission), and transmission by bite (infectious saliva). Tissues were assayed by plaque assay and RT-qPCR, to quantify infectious virus and confirm virus identity. Tissue infection data were analyzed using a within-host model under a Bayesian framework to determine the probabilities of infection 'outcomes' (midgut-limited infection, disseminated infection, etc.) while estimating barriers to infection between tissues. Permanent-water-breeding mosquitoes (Cx. tarsalis and Cs. inornata) exhibited more efficient horizontal transmission, as well as potential for vertical transmission, which is contrary to the current assumptions of RVFV ecology. Barrier estimates trended higher for Aedes spp., suggesting systemic factors in the differences between these species and Cx. tarsalis and Cs. inornata. These data indicate higher potential for vertical transmission than previously appreciated, and support the consensus of RVFV transmission including a broad range of potential vectors.Daniel A HartmanNicholas A BergrenTherese KondashWilliam SchlatmannColleen T WebbRebekah C KadingPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 10, p e0009837 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Daniel A Hartman Nicholas A Bergren Therese Kondash William Schlatmann Colleen T Webb Rebekah C Kading Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.
description	Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic ungulates in sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, and the Arabian Peninsula. Mosquito vectors transmit RVFV between vertebrates by bite, and also vertically to produce infectious progeny. Arrival of RVFV into the United States by infected mosquitoes or humans could result in significant impacts on food security, human health, and wildlife health. Elucidation of the vectors involved in the post-introduction RVFV ecology is paramount to rapid implementation of vector control. We performed vector competence experiments in which field-collected mosquitoes were orally exposed to an epidemic strain of RVFV via infectious blood meals. We targeted floodwater Aedes species known to feed on cattle, and/or deer species (Aedes melanimon Dyar, Aedes increpitus Dyar, Aedes vexans Meigen). Two permanent-water-breeding species were targeted as well: Culiseta inornata Williston of unknown competence considering United States populations, and Culex tarsalis Coquillett as a control species for which transmission efficiency is known. We tested the potential for midgut infection, midgut escape (dissemination), ovarian infection (vertical transmission), and transmission by bite (infectious saliva). Tissues were assayed by plaque assay and RT-qPCR, to quantify infectious virus and confirm virus identity. Tissue infection data were analyzed using a within-host model under a Bayesian framework to determine the probabilities of infection 'outcomes' (midgut-limited infection, disseminated infection, etc.) while estimating barriers to infection between tissues. Permanent-water-breeding mosquitoes (Cx. tarsalis and Cs. inornata) exhibited more efficient horizontal transmission, as well as potential for vertical transmission, which is contrary to the current assumptions of RVFV ecology. Barrier estimates trended higher for Aedes spp., suggesting systemic factors in the differences between these species and Cx. tarsalis and Cs. inornata. These data indicate higher potential for vertical transmission than previously appreciated, and support the consensus of RVFV transmission including a broad range of potential vectors.
format	article
author	Daniel A Hartman Nicholas A Bergren Therese Kondash William Schlatmann Colleen T Webb Rebekah C Kading
author_facet	Daniel A Hartman Nicholas A Bergren Therese Kondash William Schlatmann Colleen T Webb Rebekah C Kading
author_sort	Daniel A Hartman
title	Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.
title_short	Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.
title_full	Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.
title_fullStr	Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.
title_full_unstemmed	Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.
title_sort	susceptibility and barriers to infection of colorado mosquitoes with rift valley fever virus.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7647351a372e4d9ba7b9fb1e099e6fd1
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Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus.

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