Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity

Andrea De Lorenzo,1 Vanessa Estato,2 Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto,2 Eduardo Tibirica1 1Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 2Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrailCorrespondence: Andrea De LorenzoInstituto Nacional de Cardio...

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Autores principales:	De Lorenzo A, Estato V, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Tibirica E
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	obesity inflammation covid-19 endothelial dysfunction microcirculation Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7673e45a09854f10a588b71932c1f085
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7673e45a09854f10a588b71932c1f0852021-12-02T15:55:04ZObesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity1178-7031https://doaj.org/article/7673e45a09854f10a588b71932c1f0852021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/obesity-related-inflammation-and-endothelial-dysfunction-in-covid-19-i-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JIRhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7031Andrea De Lorenzo,1 Vanessa Estato,2 Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto,2 Eduardo Tibirica1 1Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 2Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrailCorrespondence: Andrea De LorenzoInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22240 006, BrazilTel +55 21 30372288Email andlorenzo@cardiol.brAbstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put into evidence another pandemic – obesity. Currently, several studies have documented the association between obesity and COVID-19 severity. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk of complications and mortality in obese patients with COVID-19 are of diverse nature. Inflammation plays a central role in obesity. Metabolic alterations seen in obese patients are related to an inflammatory response, and several studies report elevated levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in obese patients. Also, deregulated expression of adipokines, such as leptin and resistin, increase the expression of vascular adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 that contribute to increased vascular leukocyte adhesiveness and additional oxidative stress. Additionally, it is now recognized that the chronic impairment of systemic vascular endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, including obesity, when intensified by the detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 over the endothelium, may explain their worse outcomes in COVID-19. In fact, vascular endothelial dysfunction may contribute to a unfavorable response of the endothelium to the infection by SARS-CoV-2, whereas alterations in cardiac structure and function and the prothrombotic environment in obesity may also provide a link to the increased cardiovascular events in these patients.Keywords: obesity, inflammation, COVID-19, endothelial dysfunction, microcirculationDe Lorenzo AEstato VCastro-Faria-Neto HCTibirica EDove Medical Pressarticleobesityinflammationcovid-19endothelial dysfunctionmicrocirculationPathologyRB1-214Therapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENJournal of Inflammation Research, Vol Volume 14, Pp 2267-2276 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	obesity inflammation covid-19 endothelial dysfunction microcirculation Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	obesity inflammation covid-19 endothelial dysfunction microcirculation Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 De Lorenzo A Estato V Castro-Faria-Neto HC Tibirica E Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity
description	Andrea De Lorenzo,1 Vanessa Estato,2 Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto,2 Eduardo Tibirica1 1Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 2Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrailCorrespondence: Andrea De LorenzoInstituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22240 006, BrazilTel +55 21 30372288Email andlorenzo@cardiol.brAbstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put into evidence another pandemic – obesity. Currently, several studies have documented the association between obesity and COVID-19 severity. The mechanisms underlying the increased risk of complications and mortality in obese patients with COVID-19 are of diverse nature. Inflammation plays a central role in obesity. Metabolic alterations seen in obese patients are related to an inflammatory response, and several studies report elevated levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in obese patients. Also, deregulated expression of adipokines, such as leptin and resistin, increase the expression of vascular adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 that contribute to increased vascular leukocyte adhesiveness and additional oxidative stress. Additionally, it is now recognized that the chronic impairment of systemic vascular endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, including obesity, when intensified by the detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 over the endothelium, may explain their worse outcomes in COVID-19. In fact, vascular endothelial dysfunction may contribute to a unfavorable response of the endothelium to the infection by SARS-CoV-2, whereas alterations in cardiac structure and function and the prothrombotic environment in obesity may also provide a link to the increased cardiovascular events in these patients.Keywords: obesity, inflammation, COVID-19, endothelial dysfunction, microcirculation
format	article
author	De Lorenzo A Estato V Castro-Faria-Neto HC Tibirica E
author_facet	De Lorenzo A Estato V Castro-Faria-Neto HC Tibirica E
author_sort	De Lorenzo A
title	Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity
title_short	Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity
title_full	Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity
title_fullStr	Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity
title_full_unstemmed	Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity
title_sort	obesity-related inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in covid-19: impact on disease severity
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7673e45a09854f10a588b71932c1f085
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Obesity-Related Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Impact on Disease Severity

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