Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review

Both exposure to higher levels of polluted air and physical inactivity are crucial risk factors for the development and progression of major noncommunicable diseases and, in particular, of cardiovascular disease. In this context, the World Health Organization estimated 4.2 and 3.2 million global dea...

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Autores principales:	Omar Hahad, Marin Kuntic, Katie Frenis, Sourangsu Chowdhury, Jos Lelieveld, Klaus Lieb, Andreas Daiber, Thomas Münzel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	air pollution physical activity cardiovascular disease inflammation oxidative stress antioxidant defense Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7674a75ebf264c0699111135a8dd351d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7674a75ebf264c0699111135a8dd351d2021-11-25T16:28:36ZPhysical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review10.3390/antiox101117872076-3921https://doaj.org/article/7674a75ebf264c0699111135a8dd351d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1787https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Both exposure to higher levels of polluted air and physical inactivity are crucial risk factors for the development and progression of major noncommunicable diseases and, in particular, of cardiovascular disease. In this context, the World Health Organization estimated 4.2 and 3.2 million global deaths per year in response to ambient air pollution and insufficient physical activity, respectively. While regular physical activity is well known to improve general health, it may also increase the uptake and deposit of air pollutants in the lungs/airways and circulation, due to increased breathing frequency and minute ventilation, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, determining the tradeoff between the health benefits of physical activity and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during physical activity has important public health consequences. In the present comprehensive review, we analyzed evidence from human and animal studies on the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on cardiovascular and other health outcomes. We further report on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying air pollution exposure, as well as the protective effects of physical activity with a focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Lastly, we provide mitigation strategies and practical recommendations for physical activity in areas with polluted air.Omar HahadMarin KunticKatie FrenisSourangsu ChowdhuryJos LelieveldKlaus LiebAndreas DaiberThomas MünzelMDPI AGarticleair pollutionphysical activitycardiovascular diseaseinflammationoxidative stressantioxidant defenseTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1787, p 1787 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	air pollution physical activity cardiovascular disease inflammation oxidative stress antioxidant defense Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	air pollution physical activity cardiovascular disease inflammation oxidative stress antioxidant defense Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Omar Hahad Marin Kuntic Katie Frenis Sourangsu Chowdhury Jos Lelieveld Klaus Lieb Andreas Daiber Thomas Münzel Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review
description	Both exposure to higher levels of polluted air and physical inactivity are crucial risk factors for the development and progression of major noncommunicable diseases and, in particular, of cardiovascular disease. In this context, the World Health Organization estimated 4.2 and 3.2 million global deaths per year in response to ambient air pollution and insufficient physical activity, respectively. While regular physical activity is well known to improve general health, it may also increase the uptake and deposit of air pollutants in the lungs/airways and circulation, due to increased breathing frequency and minute ventilation, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, determining the tradeoff between the health benefits of physical activity and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during physical activity has important public health consequences. In the present comprehensive review, we analyzed evidence from human and animal studies on the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on cardiovascular and other health outcomes. We further report on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying air pollution exposure, as well as the protective effects of physical activity with a focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Lastly, we provide mitigation strategies and practical recommendations for physical activity in areas with polluted air.
format	article
author	Omar Hahad Marin Kuntic Katie Frenis Sourangsu Chowdhury Jos Lelieveld Klaus Lieb Andreas Daiber Thomas Münzel
author_facet	Omar Hahad Marin Kuntic Katie Frenis Sourangsu Chowdhury Jos Lelieveld Klaus Lieb Andreas Daiber Thomas Münzel
author_sort	Omar Hahad
title	Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review
title_short	Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review
title_full	Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr	Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed	Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review
title_sort	physical activity in polluted air—net benefit or harm to cardiovascular health? a comprehensive review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7674a75ebf264c0699111135a8dd351d
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Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review

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