Calcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies

Paolo Carrai, Silvia Camarri, Carlo Renato Pondrelli, Stefano Gonnelli, Carla Caffarelli Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, ItalyCorrespondence: Stefano GonnelliDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Vi...

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Autores principales:	Carrai P, Camarri S, Pondrelli CR, Gonnelli S, Caffarelli C
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	valvular calcification osteoporosis primary hyperparathyroidism bone mineral density Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/768649a2ff5640db9d45d0672e358153
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:768649a2ff5640db9d45d0672e3581532021-12-02T10:41:06ZCalcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/768649a2ff5640db9d45d0672e3581532020-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/calcification-of-cardiac-valves-in-metabolic-bone-disease-an-updated-r-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Paolo Carrai, Silvia Camarri, Carlo Renato Pondrelli, Stefano Gonnelli, Carla Caffarelli Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, ItalyCorrespondence: Stefano GonnelliDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 2, Siena 53100, ItalyTel +39 0577 585468Fax +39 0577 233446Email gonnelli@unisi.itAbstract: Epidemiological and clinical data have suggested the existence of a relationship between cardiovascular diseases and metabolic bone disease. Several studies have demonstrated that heart valve calcification presents substantial similarities with that of bone. Literature data indicate that there are many active processes which promote osteogenesis and loss of mineralization inhibitors that lead to the deposition of extracellular matrix and proteins of bone tissue in cardiac valves. This review aimed to synthesize the available data in order to allow a better understanding of the relationship between osteoporosis or other metabolic bone diseases, such as primary hyperparathyroidism, and valvular calcification in humans. Electronic databases of Pubmed-Medline, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS from inception to March 31, 2019 were searched. The full set of the articles potentially eligible were carefully assessed and reviewed. Finally, 23 studies were eligible and included in the systematic review. The majority of studies reported that osteoporosis and/or osteopenia were independent risk factors for valvular calcifications, even after adjusting for common cardiovascular risk factors. This suggests that this relationship is not only due to the presence of common cardiovascular risk factors but rather to underlying biological factors that connect them. Instead, regarding the association between primary hyperparathyroidism and valve calcification, conflicting data were found in the literature. To sum up, most of the literature data confirm that cardiac valve calcification processes are strongly influenced by alterations in bone metabolism. In particular, the patients with osteoporosis or primary hyperparathyroidism have an acceleration in the process of valvular calcification. Additional studies are needed to specifically address the mechanisms by which metabolic bone diseases could influence cardiac valve calcification.Keywords: valvular calcification, osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, bone mineral densityCarrai PCamarri SPondrelli CRGonnelli SCaffarelli CDove Medical Pressarticlevalvular calcificationosteoporosisprimary hyperparathyroidismbone mineral densityGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 15, Pp 1085-1095 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	valvular calcification osteoporosis primary hyperparathyroidism bone mineral density Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	valvular calcification osteoporosis primary hyperparathyroidism bone mineral density Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Carrai P Camarri S Pondrelli CR Gonnelli S Caffarelli C Calcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies
description	Paolo Carrai, Silvia Camarri, Carlo Renato Pondrelli, Stefano Gonnelli, Carla Caffarelli Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, ItalyCorrespondence: Stefano GonnelliDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 2, Siena 53100, ItalyTel +39 0577 585468Fax +39 0577 233446Email gonnelli@unisi.itAbstract: Epidemiological and clinical data have suggested the existence of a relationship between cardiovascular diseases and metabolic bone disease. Several studies have demonstrated that heart valve calcification presents substantial similarities with that of bone. Literature data indicate that there are many active processes which promote osteogenesis and loss of mineralization inhibitors that lead to the deposition of extracellular matrix and proteins of bone tissue in cardiac valves. This review aimed to synthesize the available data in order to allow a better understanding of the relationship between osteoporosis or other metabolic bone diseases, such as primary hyperparathyroidism, and valvular calcification in humans. Electronic databases of Pubmed-Medline, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS from inception to March 31, 2019 were searched. The full set of the articles potentially eligible were carefully assessed and reviewed. Finally, 23 studies were eligible and included in the systematic review. The majority of studies reported that osteoporosis and/or osteopenia were independent risk factors for valvular calcifications, even after adjusting for common cardiovascular risk factors. This suggests that this relationship is not only due to the presence of common cardiovascular risk factors but rather to underlying biological factors that connect them. Instead, regarding the association between primary hyperparathyroidism and valve calcification, conflicting data were found in the literature. To sum up, most of the literature data confirm that cardiac valve calcification processes are strongly influenced by alterations in bone metabolism. In particular, the patients with osteoporosis or primary hyperparathyroidism have an acceleration in the process of valvular calcification. Additional studies are needed to specifically address the mechanisms by which metabolic bone diseases could influence cardiac valve calcification.Keywords: valvular calcification, osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, bone mineral density
format	article
author	Carrai P Camarri S Pondrelli CR Gonnelli S Caffarelli C
author_facet	Carrai P Camarri S Pondrelli CR Gonnelli S Caffarelli C
author_sort	Carrai P
title	Calcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies
title_short	Calcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies
title_full	Calcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies
title_fullStr	Calcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies
title_full_unstemmed	Calcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies
title_sort	calcification of cardiac valves in metabolic bone disease: an updated review of clinical studies
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/768649a2ff5640db9d45d0672e358153
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Calcification of Cardiac Valves in Metabolic Bone Disease: An Updated Review of Clinical Studies

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