Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 occurrence as a global pandemic in March 2020. The treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients is based on the experience gained from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection during 2003. There is no clinically accepted therapeutic drug(s) a...

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Autores principales:	Vijay K. Patel, Ekta Shirbhate, Preeti Patel, Ravichandran Veerasamy, Prabodh C. Sharma, Harish Rajak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SpringerOpen 2021
Materias:	Corticosteroids COVID-19 Dexamethasone Methylprednisolone Hydrocortisone Prednisone Medicine (General) R5-920 Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/76a6df4303d84a6db49bc8c6a9351c9b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:76a6df4303d84a6db49bc8c6a9351c9b2021-11-08T10:59:10ZCorticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent10.1186/s43088-021-00165-02314-8543https://doaj.org/article/76a6df4303d84a6db49bc8c6a9351c9b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-021-00165-0https://doaj.org/toc/2314-8543Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 occurrence as a global pandemic in March 2020. The treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients is based on the experience gained from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection during 2003. There is no clinically accepted therapeutic drug(s) accessible yet for the treatment of COVID-19. Main body Corticosteroids, i.e., dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone and prednisone are used alone or in combination for the treatment of moderate, severe and critically infected COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized and require supplemental oxygen as per current management strategies and guidelines for COVID-19 published by the National Institutes of Health. Corticosteroids are recorded in the WHO model list of essential medicines and are easily accessible worldwide at a cheaper cost in multiple formulations and various dosage forms. Corticosteroid can be used in all age group of patients, i.e., children, adult, elderly and during pregnancy or breastfeeding women. Corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in both primary and secondary immune cells, thereby reducing the generation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and lowering the activation of T cells, monocytes and macrophages. The corticosteroids should not be used in the treatment of non-severe COVID-19 patients because corticosteroids suppress the immune response and reduce the symptoms and associated side effects such as slow recovery, bacterial infections, hypokalemia, mucormycosis and finally increase the chances of death. Conclusion Intensive research on corticosteroid therapy in COVID-19 treatment is urgently needed to elucidate their mechanisms and importance in contributing toward successful prevention and treatment approaches. Hence, this review emphasizes on recent advancement on corticosteroid therapy for defining their importance in overcoming SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, their mechanism, efficacy and extent of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.Vijay K. PatelEkta ShirbhatePreeti PatelRavichandran VeerasamyPrabodh C. SharmaHarish RajakSpringerOpenarticleCorticosteroidsCOVID-19DexamethasoneMethylprednisoloneHydrocortisonePrednisoneMedicine (General)R5-920ScienceQENBeni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Corticosteroids COVID-19 Dexamethasone Methylprednisolone Hydrocortisone Prednisone Medicine (General) R5-920 Science Q
spellingShingle	Corticosteroids COVID-19 Dexamethasone Methylprednisolone Hydrocortisone Prednisone Medicine (General) R5-920 Science Q Vijay K. Patel Ekta Shirbhate Preeti Patel Ravichandran Veerasamy Prabodh C. Sharma Harish Rajak Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent
description	Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 occurrence as a global pandemic in March 2020. The treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients is based on the experience gained from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection during 2003. There is no clinically accepted therapeutic drug(s) accessible yet for the treatment of COVID-19. Main body Corticosteroids, i.e., dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone and prednisone are used alone or in combination for the treatment of moderate, severe and critically infected COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized and require supplemental oxygen as per current management strategies and guidelines for COVID-19 published by the National Institutes of Health. Corticosteroids are recorded in the WHO model list of essential medicines and are easily accessible worldwide at a cheaper cost in multiple formulations and various dosage forms. Corticosteroid can be used in all age group of patients, i.e., children, adult, elderly and during pregnancy or breastfeeding women. Corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in both primary and secondary immune cells, thereby reducing the generation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and lowering the activation of T cells, monocytes and macrophages. The corticosteroids should not be used in the treatment of non-severe COVID-19 patients because corticosteroids suppress the immune response and reduce the symptoms and associated side effects such as slow recovery, bacterial infections, hypokalemia, mucormycosis and finally increase the chances of death. Conclusion Intensive research on corticosteroid therapy in COVID-19 treatment is urgently needed to elucidate their mechanisms and importance in contributing toward successful prevention and treatment approaches. Hence, this review emphasizes on recent advancement on corticosteroid therapy for defining their importance in overcoming SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, their mechanism, efficacy and extent of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
format	article
author	Vijay K. Patel Ekta Shirbhate Preeti Patel Ravichandran Veerasamy Prabodh C. Sharma Harish Rajak
author_facet	Vijay K. Patel Ekta Shirbhate Preeti Patel Ravichandran Veerasamy Prabodh C. Sharma Harish Rajak
author_sort	Vijay K. Patel
title	Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent
title_short	Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent
title_full	Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent
title_fullStr	Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent
title_full_unstemmed	Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent
title_sort	corticosteroids for treatment of covid-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent
publisher	SpringerOpen
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/76a6df4303d84a6db49bc8c6a9351c9b
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Corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19: effect, evidence, expectation and extent

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