Hospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic

Healthcare facilities are vital establishments to improve the public health, but with poor waste and wastewater management, may turn into a potential health risk. The fecal-oraltransmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of the wastewater as a potential sourceof infection, more than ever highl...

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Autores principales:	Nafise Jamialahmadi, Sepideh Rahimi, Ali Esmaeili
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Razi University 2021
Materias:	medical wastewater healthcare wastewater sars-cov-2 activated sludge chlorination Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/76aabf14b17b492f83c2792723893158
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:76aabf14b17b492f83c27927238931582021-11-20T12:24:01ZHospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic2476-628310.22126/arww.2021.6323.1207https://doaj.org/article/76aabf14b17b492f83c27927238931582021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://arww.razi.ac.ir/article_1746_95629414f3947321eea13f67632b70b8.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2476-6283Healthcare facilities are vital establishments to improve the public health, but with poor waste and wastewater management, may turn into a potential health risk. The fecal-oraltransmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of the wastewater as a potential sourceof infection, more than ever highlights the importance of proper wastewater managementduring the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review represents a picture of the currentstate of hospital wastewater (HWW) management in Iran; an upper-middle income countrywith a paucity of proper data concerning HWW management and further provides suggestions for hospital wastewater management during COVID-19 pandemic in the country. We reviewed 31 papers that published from 2005-2020 evaluated 163 hospitals from 82 cities and 17 provinces. HWW generation in Iran varies from 354 to 1892 liter per bed per day (839±363 L/bed/d). BOD, COD and TSS in the raw HWW were in the range of 119-1270, 205-1611 and 58-464 mg/L, respectively. Total coliforms and/or total fecal coliforms were in the range of 105-108 (MPN/100 mL). 44.2 % of hospitals had an active WWTP at the time of the study from which, only 15.3 % complied with discharge standards. More than 55 % of the hospitals in Iran use no disinfection, and less than 7 % comply with the discharge requirements. HWW management in Iran is very poor and there has been no improvement in HWW management within the last decade. To best respond to this pandemic, responsible authorities should address wastewater management in hospitals.Nafise JamialahmadiSepideh RahimiAli EsmaeiliRazi Universityarticlemedical wastewaterhealthcare wastewatersars-cov-2activated sludgechlorinationEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENJournal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater , Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 59-65 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	medical wastewater healthcare wastewater sars-cov-2 activated sludge chlorination Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	medical wastewater healthcare wastewater sars-cov-2 activated sludge chlorination Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Nafise Jamialahmadi Sepideh Rahimi Ali Esmaeili Hospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic
description	Healthcare facilities are vital establishments to improve the public health, but with poor waste and wastewater management, may turn into a potential health risk. The fecal-oraltransmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of the wastewater as a potential sourceof infection, more than ever highlights the importance of proper wastewater managementduring the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review represents a picture of the currentstate of hospital wastewater (HWW) management in Iran; an upper-middle income countrywith a paucity of proper data concerning HWW management and further provides suggestions for hospital wastewater management during COVID-19 pandemic in the country. We reviewed 31 papers that published from 2005-2020 evaluated 163 hospitals from 82 cities and 17 provinces. HWW generation in Iran varies from 354 to 1892 liter per bed per day (839±363 L/bed/d). BOD, COD and TSS in the raw HWW were in the range of 119-1270, 205-1611 and 58-464 mg/L, respectively. Total coliforms and/or total fecal coliforms were in the range of 105-108 (MPN/100 mL). 44.2 % of hospitals had an active WWTP at the time of the study from which, only 15.3 % complied with discharge standards. More than 55 % of the hospitals in Iran use no disinfection, and less than 7 % comply with the discharge requirements. HWW management in Iran is very poor and there has been no improvement in HWW management within the last decade. To best respond to this pandemic, responsible authorities should address wastewater management in hospitals.
format	article
author	Nafise Jamialahmadi Sepideh Rahimi Ali Esmaeili
author_facet	Nafise Jamialahmadi Sepideh Rahimi Ali Esmaeili
author_sort	Nafise Jamialahmadi
title	Hospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic
title_short	Hospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic
title_full	Hospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic
title_fullStr	Hospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic
title_full_unstemmed	Hospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic
title_sort	hospital wastewater in iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic
publisher	Razi University
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/76aabf14b17b492f83c2792723893158
work_keys_str_mv	AT nafisejamialahmadi hospitalwastewateriniranasystematicreviewandchallengesforpropermanagementduringcoronavirusdisease2019pandemic AT sepidehrahimi hospitalwastewateriniranasystematicreviewandchallengesforpropermanagementduringcoronavirusdisease2019pandemic AT aliesmaeili hospitalwastewateriniranasystematicreviewandchallengesforpropermanagementduringcoronavirusdisease2019pandemic
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Hospital wastewater in Iran: a systematic review and challenges for proper management during coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic

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