Entropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions

Brain complexity can be revealed even through a comparison between two trivial conditions, such as eyes open and eyes closed (EO and EC respectively) during resting. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely used to investigate brain networks, and several non-linear approaches have been applied to...

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Autores principales:	Fabrizio Vecchio, Francesca Miraglia, Chiara Pappalettera, Alessandro Orticoni, Francesca Alù, Elda Judica, Maria Cotelli, Paolo Maria Rossini
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	entropy eyes EEG brain network Mathematics QA1-939
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/76bae0de5b9344febd196fc71f6ea414
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:76bae0de5b9344febd196fc71f6ea4142021-11-25T19:07:22ZEntropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions10.3390/sym131121782073-8994https://doaj.org/article/76bae0de5b9344febd196fc71f6ea4142021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2178https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994Brain complexity can be revealed even through a comparison between two trivial conditions, such as eyes open and eyes closed (EO and EC respectively) during resting. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely used to investigate brain networks, and several non-linear approaches have been applied to investigate EO and EC signals modulation, both symmetric and not. Entropy is one of the approaches used to evaluate the system disorder. This study explores the differences in the EO and EC awake brain dynamics by measuring entropy. In particular, an approximate entropy (ApEn) was measured, focusing on the specific cerebral areas (frontal, central, parietal, occipital, temporal) on EEG data of 37 adult healthy subjects while resting. Each participant was submitted to an EO and an EC resting EEG recording in two separate sessions. The results showed that in the EO condition the cerebral networks of the subjects are characterized by higher values of entropy than in the EC condition. All the cerebral regions are subjected to this chaotic behavior, symmetrically in both hemispheres, proving the complexity of networks dynamics dependence from the subject brain state. Remarkable dynamics regarding cerebral networks during simple resting and awake brain states are shown by entropy. The application of this parameter can be also extended to neurological conditions, to establish and monitor personalized rehabilitation treatments.Fabrizio VecchioFrancesca MiragliaChiara PappaletteraAlessandro OrticoniFrancesca AlùElda JudicaMaria CotelliPaolo Maria RossiniMDPI AGarticleentropyeyesEEGbrain networkMathematicsQA1-939ENSymmetry, Vol 13, Iss 2178, p 2178 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	entropy eyes EEG brain network Mathematics QA1-939
spellingShingle	entropy eyes EEG brain network Mathematics QA1-939 Fabrizio Vecchio Francesca Miraglia Chiara Pappalettera Alessandro Orticoni Francesca Alù Elda Judica Maria Cotelli Paolo Maria Rossini Entropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions
description	Brain complexity can be revealed even through a comparison between two trivial conditions, such as eyes open and eyes closed (EO and EC respectively) during resting. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely used to investigate brain networks, and several non-linear approaches have been applied to investigate EO and EC signals modulation, both symmetric and not. Entropy is one of the approaches used to evaluate the system disorder. This study explores the differences in the EO and EC awake brain dynamics by measuring entropy. In particular, an approximate entropy (ApEn) was measured, focusing on the specific cerebral areas (frontal, central, parietal, occipital, temporal) on EEG data of 37 adult healthy subjects while resting. Each participant was submitted to an EO and an EC resting EEG recording in two separate sessions. The results showed that in the EO condition the cerebral networks of the subjects are characterized by higher values of entropy than in the EC condition. All the cerebral regions are subjected to this chaotic behavior, symmetrically in both hemispheres, proving the complexity of networks dynamics dependence from the subject brain state. Remarkable dynamics regarding cerebral networks during simple resting and awake brain states are shown by entropy. The application of this parameter can be also extended to neurological conditions, to establish and monitor personalized rehabilitation treatments.
format	article
author	Fabrizio Vecchio Francesca Miraglia Chiara Pappalettera Alessandro Orticoni Francesca Alù Elda Judica Maria Cotelli Paolo Maria Rossini
author_facet	Fabrizio Vecchio Francesca Miraglia Chiara Pappalettera Alessandro Orticoni Francesca Alù Elda Judica Maria Cotelli Paolo Maria Rossini
author_sort	Fabrizio Vecchio
title	Entropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions
title_short	Entropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions
title_full	Entropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions
title_fullStr	Entropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Entropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions
title_sort	entropy as measure of brain networks’ complexity in eyes open and closed conditions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/76bae0de5b9344febd196fc71f6ea414
work_keys_str_mv	AT fabriziovecchio entropyasmeasureofbrainnetworkscomplexityineyesopenandclosedconditions AT francescamiraglia entropyasmeasureofbrainnetworkscomplexityineyesopenandclosedconditions AT chiarapappalettera entropyasmeasureofbrainnetworkscomplexityineyesopenandclosedconditions AT alessandroorticoni entropyasmeasureofbrainnetworkscomplexityineyesopenandclosedconditions AT francescaalu entropyasmeasureofbrainnetworkscomplexityineyesopenandclosedconditions AT eldajudica entropyasmeasureofbrainnetworkscomplexityineyesopenandclosedconditions AT mariacotelli entropyasmeasureofbrainnetworkscomplexityineyesopenandclosedconditions AT paolomariarossini entropyasmeasureofbrainnetworkscomplexityineyesopenandclosedconditions
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Entropy as Measure of Brain Networks’ Complexity in Eyes Open and Closed Conditions

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