Preliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland

This paper addresses groundwater pollution and the potential presence of pesticides within the catchment areas of two reservoirs that are sources of drinking water. The two reservoirs are Goczałkowice and Kozłowa Góra, both in Southern Poland. Agricultural and rural areas dominate both catchments. A...

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Autores principales:	Kinga Ślósarczyk, Andrzej Jarosław Witkowski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	pesticides emerging contaminants nitrates agriculture groundwater quality Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/76d89ac64746497ca3376869e86730cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:76d89ac64746497ca3376869e86730cb2021-11-11T19:56:57ZPreliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland10.3390/w132130912073-4441https://doaj.org/article/76d89ac64746497ca3376869e86730cb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3091https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441This paper addresses groundwater pollution and the potential presence of pesticides within the catchment areas of two reservoirs that are sources of drinking water. The two reservoirs are Goczałkowice and Kozłowa Góra, both in Southern Poland. Agricultural and rural areas dominate both catchments. Archival data showed local groundwater contamination with nitrates. This indicated the possible presence of pesticides in shallow groundwater. In total, 13 groundwater samples from shallow sandy aquifers were collected. All the samples were tested for the presence of 35 organophosphate pesticides and 28 organochlorine pesticides. Additionally, in order to determine the current groundwater conditions, physicochemical parameters were measured in the field, and water samples were subjected to analysis of their chemical composition (incl. the determination of nitrates). The research outcomes showed that pesticides were not detected above the detection limits in any of the samples. Due to variations in the persistence and degradation rates of pesticides, the occurrence of these substances in the groundwater environment and the possibility of their migration to aquifers should not be completely excluded. Natural processes and factors (e.g., sorption, biodegradation, hydrolysis and redox conditions) may gradually reduce the pesticide concentrations in groundwater. The chemical analyses revealed high concentrations of nitrates in the groundwater. This suggests the possible influence of agriculture and fertilizer application on groundwater quality; however, a proportion of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ions may be connected with improper sewage management within the two catchments. The absence of pesticides in groundwater impacted by agriculture may result from processes occurring in the aquifer and the rapid degradation of these compounds due to photolysis and prevailing weather conditions. In the vicinity of dwellings, nitrates also originate from domestic wastewater. Thus, the occurrence of pesticides in groundwater contaminated with NO<sub>3</sub> cannot always be expected.Kinga ŚlósarczykAndrzej Jarosław WitkowskiMDPI AGarticlepesticidesemerging contaminantsnitratesagriculturegroundwater qualityHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3091, p 3091 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pesticides emerging contaminants nitrates agriculture groundwater quality Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	pesticides emerging contaminants nitrates agriculture groundwater quality Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Kinga Ślósarczyk Andrzej Jarosław Witkowski Preliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland
description	This paper addresses groundwater pollution and the potential presence of pesticides within the catchment areas of two reservoirs that are sources of drinking water. The two reservoirs are Goczałkowice and Kozłowa Góra, both in Southern Poland. Agricultural and rural areas dominate both catchments. Archival data showed local groundwater contamination with nitrates. This indicated the possible presence of pesticides in shallow groundwater. In total, 13 groundwater samples from shallow sandy aquifers were collected. All the samples were tested for the presence of 35 organophosphate pesticides and 28 organochlorine pesticides. Additionally, in order to determine the current groundwater conditions, physicochemical parameters were measured in the field, and water samples were subjected to analysis of their chemical composition (incl. the determination of nitrates). The research outcomes showed that pesticides were not detected above the detection limits in any of the samples. Due to variations in the persistence and degradation rates of pesticides, the occurrence of these substances in the groundwater environment and the possibility of their migration to aquifers should not be completely excluded. Natural processes and factors (e.g., sorption, biodegradation, hydrolysis and redox conditions) may gradually reduce the pesticide concentrations in groundwater. The chemical analyses revealed high concentrations of nitrates in the groundwater. This suggests the possible influence of agriculture and fertilizer application on groundwater quality; however, a proportion of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ions may be connected with improper sewage management within the two catchments. The absence of pesticides in groundwater impacted by agriculture may result from processes occurring in the aquifer and the rapid degradation of these compounds due to photolysis and prevailing weather conditions. In the vicinity of dwellings, nitrates also originate from domestic wastewater. Thus, the occurrence of pesticides in groundwater contaminated with NO<sub>3</sub> cannot always be expected.
format	article
author	Kinga Ślósarczyk Andrzej Jarosław Witkowski
author_facet	Kinga Ślósarczyk Andrzej Jarosław Witkowski
author_sort	Kinga Ślósarczyk
title	Preliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland
title_short	Preliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland
title_full	Preliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland
title_fullStr	Preliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland
title_full_unstemmed	Preliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland
title_sort	preliminary evaluation of the possible occurrence of pesticides in groundwater contaminated with nitrates—a case study from southern poland
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/76d89ac64746497ca3376869e86730cb
work_keys_str_mv	AT kingaslosarczyk preliminaryevaluationofthepossibleoccurrenceofpesticidesingroundwatercontaminatedwithnitratesacasestudyfromsouthernpoland AT andrzejjarosławwitkowski preliminaryevaluationofthepossibleoccurrenceofpesticidesingroundwatercontaminatedwithnitratesacasestudyfromsouthernpoland
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Preliminary Evaluation of the Possible Occurrence of Pesticides in Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates—A Case Study from Southern Poland

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