The Efficacy of Transdermal Rivastigmine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Concomitant Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from an Open-Label Study
Chathuri Yatawara,1 Fatin Zahra Zailan,1 Esther Vanessa Chua,1 Linda Lay Hoon Lim,1 Eveline Silva,1 Joanna Sihan Wang,1 Adeline Ng,1 Kok Pin Ng,1 Nagaendran Kandiah1– 3 1Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore; 2Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Sin...
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Dove Medical Press
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:77088d6a53fd4ec4be41f84146f8313f2021-12-02T14:12:49ZThe Efficacy of Transdermal Rivastigmine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Concomitant Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from an Open-Label Study1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/77088d6a53fd4ec4be41f84146f8313f2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-efficacy-of-transdermal-rivastigmine-in-mild-to-moderate-alzheimer-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Chathuri Yatawara,1 Fatin Zahra Zailan,1 Esther Vanessa Chua,1 Linda Lay Hoon Lim,1 Eveline Silva,1 Joanna Sihan Wang,1 Adeline Ng,1 Kok Pin Ng,1 Nagaendran Kandiah1– 3 1Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore; 2Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; 3Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine-Imperial College London, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SingaporeCorrespondence: Nagaendran KandiahNational Neuroscience Institute, Level 3, Clinical Staff Office, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, SingaporeTel +65 6357 7171Fax +65 6357 7137Email Nagaendran.Kandiah@singhealth.com.sgBackground: Rivastigmine is used to treat cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the efficacy of Rivastigmine in patients with AD and concomitant small vessel cerebrovascular disease (svCVD) remains unclear. We investigated the effectiveness of Rivastigmine Patch in patients with AD and svCVD.Methods: In this open-label study, 100 patients with AD and MRI confirmed svCVD received 9.5mg/24 hours Rivastigmine transdermal treatment for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was global cognition indexed using the ADAS-Cog. Secondary outcomes included clinical-rated impression of change (indexed using (ADCS‐CGIC), activities of daily living (indexed using ADCS-ADL) and side effects.Results: Overall, performance on the ADAS-Cog after 24 weeks deteriorated by 1.78 (SD = 5.29) points. Fifty-two percent of the sample demonstrated improvement or remained stable, while 48% demonstrated worsening of ADAS-Cog scores. Of the 52%, significant improvement (2 or more-point decline) on the ADAS-Cog was observed in 25% of the sample, with a mean change of − 5.08 (SD = 3.11). A decline on the ADAS-Cog was observed in 48% of the sample, with a mean change of 6 (SD = 2.98) points. Cognitive outcome did not interact with severity of svCVD. ADCS-ADL scores remained stable from baseline to week 24 and ADCS‐CGIC reports indicated that 81% of the patients remained stable after treatment. Side effects were reported by 16% of the patients, with contact dermatitis being the most common.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Rivastigmine may have a role in the management of patients having AD and concomitant mild-severe svCVD, with minimal side effects.Keywords: rivastigmine, Alzheimer’s disease, small vessel cerebrovascular disease, treatmentYatawara CZailan FZChua EVLim LLHSilva EWang JSNg ANg KPKandiah NDove Medical Pressarticlerivastigminealzheimer’s diseasesmall vessel cerebrovascular diseasetreatmentGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 16, Pp 301-309 (2021) |
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rivastigmine alzheimer’s disease small vessel cerebrovascular disease treatment Geriatrics RC952-954.6 |
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rivastigmine alzheimer’s disease small vessel cerebrovascular disease treatment Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Yatawara C Zailan FZ Chua EV Lim LLH Silva E Wang JS Ng A Ng KP Kandiah N The Efficacy of Transdermal Rivastigmine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Concomitant Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from an Open-Label Study |
| description |
Chathuri Yatawara,1 Fatin Zahra Zailan,1 Esther Vanessa Chua,1 Linda Lay Hoon Lim,1 Eveline Silva,1 Joanna Sihan Wang,1 Adeline Ng,1 Kok Pin Ng,1 Nagaendran Kandiah1– 3 1Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore; 2Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; 3Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine-Imperial College London, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SingaporeCorrespondence: Nagaendran KandiahNational Neuroscience Institute, Level 3, Clinical Staff Office, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, SingaporeTel +65 6357 7171Fax +65 6357 7137Email Nagaendran.Kandiah@singhealth.com.sgBackground: Rivastigmine is used to treat cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the efficacy of Rivastigmine in patients with AD and concomitant small vessel cerebrovascular disease (svCVD) remains unclear. We investigated the effectiveness of Rivastigmine Patch in patients with AD and svCVD.Methods: In this open-label study, 100 patients with AD and MRI confirmed svCVD received 9.5mg/24 hours Rivastigmine transdermal treatment for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was global cognition indexed using the ADAS-Cog. Secondary outcomes included clinical-rated impression of change (indexed using (ADCS‐CGIC), activities of daily living (indexed using ADCS-ADL) and side effects.Results: Overall, performance on the ADAS-Cog after 24 weeks deteriorated by 1.78 (SD = 5.29) points. Fifty-two percent of the sample demonstrated improvement or remained stable, while 48% demonstrated worsening of ADAS-Cog scores. Of the 52%, significant improvement (2 or more-point decline) on the ADAS-Cog was observed in 25% of the sample, with a mean change of − 5.08 (SD = 3.11). A decline on the ADAS-Cog was observed in 48% of the sample, with a mean change of 6 (SD = 2.98) points. Cognitive outcome did not interact with severity of svCVD. ADCS-ADL scores remained stable from baseline to week 24 and ADCS‐CGIC reports indicated that 81% of the patients remained stable after treatment. Side effects were reported by 16% of the patients, with contact dermatitis being the most common.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Rivastigmine may have a role in the management of patients having AD and concomitant mild-severe svCVD, with minimal side effects.Keywords: rivastigmine, Alzheimer’s disease, small vessel cerebrovascular disease, treatment |
| format |
article |
| author |
Yatawara C Zailan FZ Chua EV Lim LLH Silva E Wang JS Ng A Ng KP Kandiah N |
| author_facet |
Yatawara C Zailan FZ Chua EV Lim LLH Silva E Wang JS Ng A Ng KP Kandiah N |
| author_sort |
Yatawara C |
| title |
The Efficacy of Transdermal Rivastigmine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Concomitant Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from an Open-Label Study |
| title_short |
The Efficacy of Transdermal Rivastigmine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Concomitant Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from an Open-Label Study |
| title_full |
The Efficacy of Transdermal Rivastigmine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Concomitant Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from an Open-Label Study |
| title_fullStr |
The Efficacy of Transdermal Rivastigmine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Concomitant Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from an Open-Label Study |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Efficacy of Transdermal Rivastigmine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease with Concomitant Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from an Open-Label Study |
| title_sort |
efficacy of transdermal rivastigmine in mild to moderate alzheimer’s disease with concomitant small vessel cerebrovascular disease: findings from an open-label study |
| publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/77088d6a53fd4ec4be41f84146f8313f |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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