Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has posed an unprecedented challenge to the world. Pandemics have been caused previously by viruses of this family like Middle East Respiratory Corona Virus (MERS CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS CoV). Although these viruses are primarily respiratory vir...

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Autores principales:	Chandan Mishra, Suneeta Meena, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Suman Tiwari, Purva Mathur
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/771a09d0efdb44658cd04ed7788ed0cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:771a09d0efdb44658cd04ed7788ed0cd2021-12-02T19:06:35ZDetection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis10.1038/s41598-021-95329-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/771a09d0efdb44658cd04ed7788ed0cd2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95329-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has posed an unprecedented challenge to the world. Pandemics have been caused previously by viruses of this family like Middle East Respiratory Corona Virus (MERS CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS CoV). Although these viruses are primarily respiratory viruses, but they have been isolated from non-respiratory samples as well. Presently, the detection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA from different clinical specimens using Real Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerized Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR) after onset of symptoms is not yet well established. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to establish the profile of detecting SARS‐CoV‐2, MERS CoV, SARS CoV from different types of clinical specimens other than the respiratory using a standard diagnostic test (qRT‐PCR). A total of 3429 non-respiratory specimens were recorded: SARS CoV (total sample—802), MERS CoV (total sample—155), SARS CoV-2 (total sample—2347). Out of all the samples studied high positive rate was seen for saliva with 96.7% (14/14; 95% CI 87.6–100.0%) for SARS CoV and 57.5% (58/250; 95% CI − 1.2 to 116.2%) for SARS CoV-2, while low detection rate in urine samples for SARS CoV-2 with 2.2% (8/318; 95% CI 0.6–3.7%) and 9.6% (12/61; 95% CI − 0.9 to 20.1%) for SARS CoV but there was relatively higher positivity in urine samples for MERS CoV with detection rate of 32.4% (2/38; 95% CI − 37.3 to 102.1%). In Stool sample positivity was 54.9% (396/779; 95% CI 41.0–68.8%), 45.2% (180/430; 95% CI 28.1–62.3%) and 34.7% (4/38; 95% CI − 29.5 to 98.9%) for SARS CoV-2, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV, respectively. In blood sample the positivity was 33.3% (7/21; 95% CI 13.2–53.5%), 23.7% (42/277; 95% CI 10.5–36.9%) and 2.5% (2/81; 95% CI 0.00–5.8%) for MERS CoV, SARS CoV-2 and SARS CoV respectively. SARS‐CoV‐2 along with previous two pandemic causing viruses from this family, were highly detected stool and saliva. A low positive rate was recorded in blood samples. Viruses were also detected in fluids along with unusual samples like semen and vaginal secretions thus highlighting unique pathogenic potential of SARS‐CoV‐2.Chandan MishraSuneeta MeenaJitendra Kumar MeenaSuman TiwariPurva MathurNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Chandan Mishra Suneeta Meena Jitendra Kumar Meena Suman Tiwari Purva Mathur Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis
description	Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has posed an unprecedented challenge to the world. Pandemics have been caused previously by viruses of this family like Middle East Respiratory Corona Virus (MERS CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS CoV). Although these viruses are primarily respiratory viruses, but they have been isolated from non-respiratory samples as well. Presently, the detection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA from different clinical specimens using Real Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerized Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR) after onset of symptoms is not yet well established. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to establish the profile of detecting SARS‐CoV‐2, MERS CoV, SARS CoV from different types of clinical specimens other than the respiratory using a standard diagnostic test (qRT‐PCR). A total of 3429 non-respiratory specimens were recorded: SARS CoV (total sample—802), MERS CoV (total sample—155), SARS CoV-2 (total sample—2347). Out of all the samples studied high positive rate was seen for saliva with 96.7% (14/14; 95% CI 87.6–100.0%) for SARS CoV and 57.5% (58/250; 95% CI − 1.2 to 116.2%) for SARS CoV-2, while low detection rate in urine samples for SARS CoV-2 with 2.2% (8/318; 95% CI 0.6–3.7%) and 9.6% (12/61; 95% CI − 0.9 to 20.1%) for SARS CoV but there was relatively higher positivity in urine samples for MERS CoV with detection rate of 32.4% (2/38; 95% CI − 37.3 to 102.1%). In Stool sample positivity was 54.9% (396/779; 95% CI 41.0–68.8%), 45.2% (180/430; 95% CI 28.1–62.3%) and 34.7% (4/38; 95% CI − 29.5 to 98.9%) for SARS CoV-2, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV, respectively. In blood sample the positivity was 33.3% (7/21; 95% CI 13.2–53.5%), 23.7% (42/277; 95% CI 10.5–36.9%) and 2.5% (2/81; 95% CI 0.00–5.8%) for MERS CoV, SARS CoV-2 and SARS CoV respectively. SARS‐CoV‐2 along with previous two pandemic causing viruses from this family, were highly detected stool and saliva. A low positive rate was recorded in blood samples. Viruses were also detected in fluids along with unusual samples like semen and vaginal secretions thus highlighting unique pathogenic potential of SARS‐CoV‐2.
format	article
author	Chandan Mishra Suneeta Meena Jitendra Kumar Meena Suman Tiwari Purva Mathur
author_facet	Chandan Mishra Suneeta Meena Jitendra Kumar Meena Suman Tiwari Purva Mathur
author_sort	Chandan Mishra
title	Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short	Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full	Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr	Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort	detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/771a09d0efdb44658cd04ed7788ed0cd
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Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis

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