Guidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance

Natural and modified clay minerals have been extensively used for the adsorption/desorption of organic substances, especially pesticides, from waters and wastewater, aiming at pollution control and more efficient use of the herbicides through controlled release. While natural clay minerals efficient...

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Autores principales:	Jorge Cesar Masini, Gilberto Abate
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	montmorillonite vermiculite bentonite organoclays pesticides modified clay minerals Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/771baa3f71324b2f88865590120ef585
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:771baa3f71324b2f88865590120ef5852021-11-25T18:26:50ZGuidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance10.3390/min111112822075-163Xhttps://doaj.org/article/771baa3f71324b2f88865590120ef5852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/11/1282https://doaj.org/toc/2075-163XNatural and modified clay minerals have been extensively used for the adsorption/desorption of organic substances, especially pesticides, from waters and wastewater, aiming at pollution control and more efficient use of the herbicides through controlled release. While natural clay minerals efficiently remove organic cations such as paraquat and diquat, the adsorption of anionic or neutral species demands surface chemical modification with, for instance, quaternary ammonium salts containing long alkyl chains. Basic pesticides, on the other hand, are better absorbed in clay minerals modified with polycations. Kinetic studies and adsorption/desorption isotherms provide the parameters needed to evaluate the clay mineral’s adsorptive performance towards the pollutant target. However, the direct comparison of these parameters is complicated because the experimental conditions, the analytical techniques, the kinetic and isotherm models, and the numerical fitting method differ among the various studies. The free-energy-related Langmuir constant depends on the degree of site occupation; that is, it depends on the concentration window used to construct the adsorption isotherm and, consequently, on the analytical technique used to quantify the free concentrations. This paper reviews pesticides’ adsorption on natural and modified clay minerals and proposes guidelines for designing batch adsorption/desorption studies to obtain easily comparable and meaningful adsorption parameters. Articles should clearly describe the experimental conditions such as temperature, contact time, total concentration window, the solution to adsorbent ratio, the analytical technique, and its detection and quantification limits, besides the fitting models. Research should also evaluate the competitive effects of humic substances, colloidal inorganic particles, and ionic strength to emulate real-world adsorption experiments.Jorge Cesar MasiniGilberto AbateMDPI AGarticlemontmorillonitevermiculitebentoniteorganoclayspesticidesmodified clay mineralsMineralogyQE351-399.2ENMinerals, Vol 11, Iss 1282, p 1282 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	montmorillonite vermiculite bentonite organoclays pesticides modified clay minerals Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	montmorillonite vermiculite bentonite organoclays pesticides modified clay minerals Mineralogy QE351-399.2 Jorge Cesar Masini Gilberto Abate Guidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance
description	Natural and modified clay minerals have been extensively used for the adsorption/desorption of organic substances, especially pesticides, from waters and wastewater, aiming at pollution control and more efficient use of the herbicides through controlled release. While natural clay minerals efficiently remove organic cations such as paraquat and diquat, the adsorption of anionic or neutral species demands surface chemical modification with, for instance, quaternary ammonium salts containing long alkyl chains. Basic pesticides, on the other hand, are better absorbed in clay minerals modified with polycations. Kinetic studies and adsorption/desorption isotherms provide the parameters needed to evaluate the clay mineral’s adsorptive performance towards the pollutant target. However, the direct comparison of these parameters is complicated because the experimental conditions, the analytical techniques, the kinetic and isotherm models, and the numerical fitting method differ among the various studies. The free-energy-related Langmuir constant depends on the degree of site occupation; that is, it depends on the concentration window used to construct the adsorption isotherm and, consequently, on the analytical technique used to quantify the free concentrations. This paper reviews pesticides’ adsorption on natural and modified clay minerals and proposes guidelines for designing batch adsorption/desorption studies to obtain easily comparable and meaningful adsorption parameters. Articles should clearly describe the experimental conditions such as temperature, contact time, total concentration window, the solution to adsorbent ratio, the analytical technique, and its detection and quantification limits, besides the fitting models. Research should also evaluate the competitive effects of humic substances, colloidal inorganic particles, and ionic strength to emulate real-world adsorption experiments.
format	article
author	Jorge Cesar Masini Gilberto Abate
author_facet	Jorge Cesar Masini Gilberto Abate
author_sort	Jorge Cesar Masini
title	Guidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance
title_short	Guidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance
title_full	Guidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance
title_fullStr	Guidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance
title_full_unstemmed	Guidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance
title_sort	guidelines to study the adsorption of pesticides onto clay minerals aiming at a straightforward evaluation of their removal performance
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/771baa3f71324b2f88865590120ef585
work_keys_str_mv	AT jorgecesarmasini guidelinestostudytheadsorptionofpesticidesontoclaymineralsaimingatastraightforwardevaluationoftheirremovalperformance AT gilbertoabate guidelinestostudytheadsorptionofpesticidesontoclaymineralsaimingatastraightforwardevaluationoftheirremovalperformance
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Guidelines to Study the Adsorption of Pesticides onto Clay Minerals Aiming at a Straightforward Evaluation of Their Removal Performance

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