High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms

Differences between males and females are usually more subtle in dioecious plants than animals, but strong sexual dimorphism has evolved convergently in the South African Cape plant genus Leucadendron. Such sexual dimorphism in leaf size is expected largely to be due to differential gene expression...

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Autores principales:	Mathias Scharmann, Anthony G Rebelo, John R Pannell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2021
Materias:	sex-biased gene expression evolution sexual dimorphism Leucadendron proteaceae plant Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/773f8ba0dc8147659a2fc270ed622500
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:773f8ba0dc8147659a2fc270ed6225002021-12-01T14:53:03ZHigh rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms10.7554/eLife.674852050-084Xe67485https://doaj.org/article/773f8ba0dc8147659a2fc270ed6225002021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://elifesciences.org/articles/67485https://doaj.org/toc/2050-084XDifferences between males and females are usually more subtle in dioecious plants than animals, but strong sexual dimorphism has evolved convergently in the South African Cape plant genus Leucadendron. Such sexual dimorphism in leaf size is expected largely to be due to differential gene expression between the sexes. We compared patterns of gene expression in leaves among 10 Leucadendron species across the genus. Surprisingly, we found no positive association between sexual dimorphism in morphology and the number or the percentage of sex-biased genes (SBGs). Sex bias in most SBGs evolved recently and was species specific. We compared rates of evolutionary change in expression for genes that were sex biased in one species but unbiased in others and found that SBGs evolved faster in expression than unbiased genes. This greater rate of expression evolution of SBGs, also documented in animals, might suggest the possible role of sexual selection in the evolution of gene expression. However, our comparative analysis clearly indicates that the more rapid rate of expression evolution of SBGs predated the origin of bias, and shifts towards bias were depleted in signatures of adaptation. Our results are thus more consistent with the view that sex bias is simply freer to evolve in genes less subject to constraints in expression level.Mathias ScharmannAnthony G RebeloJohn R PannelleLife Sciences Publications Ltdarticlesex-biased gene expressionevolutionsexual dimorphismLeucadendronproteaceaeplantMedicineRScienceQBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENeLife, Vol 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sex-biased gene expression evolution sexual dimorphism Leucadendron proteaceae plant Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	sex-biased gene expression evolution sexual dimorphism Leucadendron proteaceae plant Medicine R Science Q Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Mathias Scharmann Anthony G Rebelo John R Pannell High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
description	Differences between males and females are usually more subtle in dioecious plants than animals, but strong sexual dimorphism has evolved convergently in the South African Cape plant genus Leucadendron. Such sexual dimorphism in leaf size is expected largely to be due to differential gene expression between the sexes. We compared patterns of gene expression in leaves among 10 Leucadendron species across the genus. Surprisingly, we found no positive association between sexual dimorphism in morphology and the number or the percentage of sex-biased genes (SBGs). Sex bias in most SBGs evolved recently and was species specific. We compared rates of evolutionary change in expression for genes that were sex biased in one species but unbiased in others and found that SBGs evolved faster in expression than unbiased genes. This greater rate of expression evolution of SBGs, also documented in animals, might suggest the possible role of sexual selection in the evolution of gene expression. However, our comparative analysis clearly indicates that the more rapid rate of expression evolution of SBGs predated the origin of bias, and shifts towards bias were depleted in signatures of adaptation. Our results are thus more consistent with the view that sex bias is simply freer to evolve in genes less subject to constraints in expression level.
format	article
author	Mathias Scharmann Anthony G Rebelo John R Pannell
author_facet	Mathias Scharmann Anthony G Rebelo John R Pannell
author_sort	Mathias Scharmann
title	High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
title_short	High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
title_full	High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
title_fullStr	High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
title_full_unstemmed	High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
title_sort	high rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms
publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/773f8ba0dc8147659a2fc270ed622500
work_keys_str_mv	AT mathiasscharmann highratesofevolutionprecededshiftstosexbiasedgeneexpressioninleucadendronthemostsexuallydimorphicangiosperms AT anthonygrebelo highratesofevolutionprecededshiftstosexbiasedgeneexpressioninleucadendronthemostsexuallydimorphicangiosperms AT johnrpannell highratesofevolutionprecededshiftstosexbiasedgeneexpressioninleucadendronthemostsexuallydimorphicangiosperms
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High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms

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