Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).

The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis caurina; California, S. o. occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range expansion of the Barred Owl (S. varia). An unaddressed threat is whether Barred Owls could be a source of novel strains o...

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Autores principales:	Heather D Ishak, John P Dumbacher, Nancy L Anderson, John J Keane, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Susan M Haig, Lisa A Tell, Ravinder N M Sehgal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/777b7bbe2a19406ebf4a7d1c485f4298
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:777b7bbe2a19406ebf4a7d1c485f42982021-11-25T06:12:15ZBlood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0002304https://doaj.org/article/777b7bbe2a19406ebf4a7d1c485f42982008-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18509541/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis caurina; California, S. o. occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range expansion of the Barred Owl (S. varia). An unaddressed threat is whether Barred Owls could be a source of novel strains of disease such as avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) or other blood parasites potentially harmful for Spotted Owls. Although Barred Owls commonly harbor Plasmodium infections, these parasites have not been documented in the Spotted Owl. We screened 111 Spotted Owls, 44 Barred Owls, and 387 owls of nine other species for haemosporidian parasites (Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, and Haemoproteus spp.). California Spotted Owls had the greatest number of simultaneous multi-species infections (44%). Additionally, sequencing results revealed that the Northern and California Spotted Owl subspecies together had the highest number of Leucocytozoon parasite lineages (n = 17) and unique lineages (n = 12). This high level of sequence diversity is significant because only one Leucocytozoon species (L. danilewskyi) has been accepted as valid among all owls, suggesting that L. danilewskyi is a cryptic species. Furthermore, a Plasmodium parasite was documented in a Northern Spotted Owl for the first time. West Coast Barred Owls had a lower prevalence of infection (15%) when compared to sympatric Spotted Owls (S. o. caurina 52%, S. o. occidentalis 79%) and Barred Owls from the historic range (61%). Consequently, Barred Owls on the West Coast may have a competitive advantage over the potentially immune compromised Spotted Owls.Heather D IshakJohn P DumbacherNancy L AndersonJohn J KeaneGediminas ValkiūnasSusan M HaigLisa A TellRavinder N M SehgalPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 5, p e2304 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Heather D Ishak John P Dumbacher Nancy L Anderson John J Keane Gediminas Valkiūnas Susan M Haig Lisa A Tell Ravinder N M Sehgal Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).
description	The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis caurina; California, S. o. occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range expansion of the Barred Owl (S. varia). An unaddressed threat is whether Barred Owls could be a source of novel strains of disease such as avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) or other blood parasites potentially harmful for Spotted Owls. Although Barred Owls commonly harbor Plasmodium infections, these parasites have not been documented in the Spotted Owl. We screened 111 Spotted Owls, 44 Barred Owls, and 387 owls of nine other species for haemosporidian parasites (Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, and Haemoproteus spp.). California Spotted Owls had the greatest number of simultaneous multi-species infections (44%). Additionally, sequencing results revealed that the Northern and California Spotted Owl subspecies together had the highest number of Leucocytozoon parasite lineages (n = 17) and unique lineages (n = 12). This high level of sequence diversity is significant because only one Leucocytozoon species (L. danilewskyi) has been accepted as valid among all owls, suggesting that L. danilewskyi is a cryptic species. Furthermore, a Plasmodium parasite was documented in a Northern Spotted Owl for the first time. West Coast Barred Owls had a lower prevalence of infection (15%) when compared to sympatric Spotted Owls (S. o. caurina 52%, S. o. occidentalis 79%) and Barred Owls from the historic range (61%). Consequently, Barred Owls on the West Coast may have a competitive advantage over the potentially immune compromised Spotted Owls.
format	article
author	Heather D Ishak John P Dumbacher Nancy L Anderson John J Keane Gediminas Valkiūnas Susan M Haig Lisa A Tell Ravinder N M Sehgal
author_facet	Heather D Ishak John P Dumbacher Nancy L Anderson John J Keane Gediminas Valkiūnas Susan M Haig Lisa A Tell Ravinder N M Sehgal
author_sort	Heather D Ishak
title	Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).
title_short	Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).
title_full	Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).
title_fullStr	Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).
title_full_unstemmed	Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).
title_sort	blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the spotted owl (strix occidentalis).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/777b7bbe2a19406ebf4a7d1c485f4298
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Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis).

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