Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait

The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are considered food secure due to their ability to import sufficient food to meet their populations’ demand, despite considerable environmental limitations to conventional agriculture. However, over-reliance on externally produced food leaves these...

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Autores principales:	Meshal J. Abdullah, Zhengyang Zhang, Kazuyo Matsubae
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	controlled environment agriculture (CEA) soilless cultivation food security urban agriculture food sovereignty Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77800bc74ba541f4b2325adc9b5a9685
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77800bc74ba541f4b2325adc9b5a96852021-11-25T19:02:00ZPotential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait10.3390/su1322125532071-1050https://doaj.org/article/77800bc74ba541f4b2325adc9b5a96852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12553https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are considered food secure due to their ability to import sufficient food to meet their populations’ demand, despite considerable environmental limitations to conventional agriculture. However, over-reliance on externally produced food leaves these countries vulnerable to food shortages during crises that disrupt international production and shipping. Advanced Controlled Environment Agriculture technology has the potential to improve food self-sufficiency by multiplying vegetable crop yields while optimizing efficiency of agricultural inputs and minimizing land requirements. This paper demonstrates how approximately 15 km<sup>2</sup> of indoor farms or less than 0.1 km<sup>2</sup> of vertical farms could reduce or eliminate the need to import six important vegetable crops in the State of Kuwait. If properly contextualized and supported by clear legislation and well-managed regulatory bodies, indoor agriculture initiatives may provide a pathway for GCC countries to reduce their dependence on imported foods and increase resilience to food supply disruption during disasters or conflict. This case study contextualizes the need for improved food self-sufficiency in light of vulnerabilities from regional and global threats, illuminates unique challenges faced by GCC countries considering adoption of the proposed technologies, and summarizes opportunities inherent in the current legal and policy framework.Meshal J. AbdullahZhengyang ZhangKazuyo MatsubaeMDPI AGarticlecontrolled environment agriculture (CEA)soilless cultivationfood securityurban agriculturefood sovereigntyEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12553, p 12553 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	controlled environment agriculture (CEA) soilless cultivation food security urban agriculture food sovereignty Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	controlled environment agriculture (CEA) soilless cultivation food security urban agriculture food sovereignty Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meshal J. Abdullah Zhengyang Zhang Kazuyo Matsubae Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait
description	The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are considered food secure due to their ability to import sufficient food to meet their populations’ demand, despite considerable environmental limitations to conventional agriculture. However, over-reliance on externally produced food leaves these countries vulnerable to food shortages during crises that disrupt international production and shipping. Advanced Controlled Environment Agriculture technology has the potential to improve food self-sufficiency by multiplying vegetable crop yields while optimizing efficiency of agricultural inputs and minimizing land requirements. This paper demonstrates how approximately 15 km<sup>2</sup> of indoor farms or less than 0.1 km<sup>2</sup> of vertical farms could reduce or eliminate the need to import six important vegetable crops in the State of Kuwait. If properly contextualized and supported by clear legislation and well-managed regulatory bodies, indoor agriculture initiatives may provide a pathway for GCC countries to reduce their dependence on imported foods and increase resilience to food supply disruption during disasters or conflict. This case study contextualizes the need for improved food self-sufficiency in light of vulnerabilities from regional and global threats, illuminates unique challenges faced by GCC countries considering adoption of the proposed technologies, and summarizes opportunities inherent in the current legal and policy framework.
format	article
author	Meshal J. Abdullah Zhengyang Zhang Kazuyo Matsubae
author_facet	Meshal J. Abdullah Zhengyang Zhang Kazuyo Matsubae
author_sort	Meshal J. Abdullah
title	Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait
title_short	Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait
title_full	Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait
title_fullStr	Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait
title_full_unstemmed	Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait
title_sort	potential for food self-sufficiency improvements through indoor and vertical farming in the gulf cooperation council: challenges and opportunities from the case of kuwait
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/77800bc74ba541f4b2325adc9b5a9685
work_keys_str_mv	AT meshaljabdullah potentialforfoodselfsufficiencyimprovementsthroughindoorandverticalfarminginthegulfcooperationcouncilchallengesandopportunitiesfromthecaseofkuwait AT zhengyangzhang potentialforfoodselfsufficiencyimprovementsthroughindoorandverticalfarminginthegulfcooperationcouncilchallengesandopportunitiesfromthecaseofkuwait AT kazuyomatsubae potentialforfoodselfsufficiencyimprovementsthroughindoorandverticalfarminginthegulfcooperationcouncilchallengesandopportunitiesfromthecaseofkuwait
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Potential for Food Self-Sufficiency Improvements through Indoor and Vertical Farming in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges and Opportunities from the Case of Kuwait

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