Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China

Coastal land reclamation (CLR), particularly port reclamation, is a common approach to alleviating land shortages. However, the spatial extent, percentages, and processes of these newly reclaimed ports are largely unknown. The Bohai Sea is the most concentrated area of port reclamation worldwide. Th...

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Autores principales:	Gaoru Zhu, Zhenglei Xie, Honglei Xu, Minxuan Liang, Jinxiang Cheng, Yujian Gao, Liguo Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77918b1dc8d646c48296604f2666cb8a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77918b1dc8d646c48296604f2666cb8a2021-11-11T06:44:15ZLand reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/77918b1dc8d646c48296604f2666cb8a2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8565771/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Coastal land reclamation (CLR), particularly port reclamation, is a common approach to alleviating land shortages. However, the spatial extent, percentages, and processes of these newly reclaimed ports are largely unknown. The Bohai Sea is the most concentrated area of port reclamation worldwide. Thus, this study addresses the changes in the different coastline types and port reclamation process in the area. The reclamation area of the 13 ports in the Bohai Sea in 2002–2018 was 2,300 km2, which decreased the area of the sea by 3%. The natural coastline length in Tianjin decreased by 47.5 km, whereas the artificial coastline length increased by 46.6 km. Based on the port boundary, however, only 26.3% of the reclaimed areas have been used for port construction, which concentrates in the Tianjin and Tangshan ports. The ratio of built-up area within the ports is only 32.5%, and approximately 48.3% of the reclaimed areas have no construction projects. The port land reclamation in the Bohai Sea has been undergoing periods of acceleration, peak, deceleration, and stagnation since 2002. Hence, future port reclamation should not be totally prohibited, and fine management should be conducted based on the optimization of the reclaimed port area. The innovation of this research is its analysis of the port internal land use pattern, the percentage of built-up area in the ports, and the sustainability of port reclamation policies. The findings have vital implications for scientifically regulating the spatial pattern and exploring the utility of port reclamation.Gaoru ZhuZhenglei XieHonglei XuMinxuan LiangJinxiang ChengYujian GaoLiguo ZhangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gaoru Zhu Zhenglei Xie Honglei Xu Minxuan Liang Jinxiang Cheng Yujian Gao Liguo Zhang Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China
description	Coastal land reclamation (CLR), particularly port reclamation, is a common approach to alleviating land shortages. However, the spatial extent, percentages, and processes of these newly reclaimed ports are largely unknown. The Bohai Sea is the most concentrated area of port reclamation worldwide. Thus, this study addresses the changes in the different coastline types and port reclamation process in the area. The reclamation area of the 13 ports in the Bohai Sea in 2002–2018 was 2,300 km2, which decreased the area of the sea by 3%. The natural coastline length in Tianjin decreased by 47.5 km, whereas the artificial coastline length increased by 46.6 km. Based on the port boundary, however, only 26.3% of the reclaimed areas have been used for port construction, which concentrates in the Tianjin and Tangshan ports. The ratio of built-up area within the ports is only 32.5%, and approximately 48.3% of the reclaimed areas have no construction projects. The port land reclamation in the Bohai Sea has been undergoing periods of acceleration, peak, deceleration, and stagnation since 2002. Hence, future port reclamation should not be totally prohibited, and fine management should be conducted based on the optimization of the reclaimed port area. The innovation of this research is its analysis of the port internal land use pattern, the percentage of built-up area in the ports, and the sustainability of port reclamation policies. The findings have vital implications for scientifically regulating the spatial pattern and exploring the utility of port reclamation.
format	article
author	Gaoru Zhu Zhenglei Xie Honglei Xu Minxuan Liang Jinxiang Cheng Yujian Gao Liguo Zhang
author_facet	Gaoru Zhu Zhenglei Xie Honglei Xu Minxuan Liang Jinxiang Cheng Yujian Gao Liguo Zhang
author_sort	Gaoru Zhu
title	Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China
title_short	Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China
title_full	Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China
title_fullStr	Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China
title_full_unstemmed	Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China
title_sort	land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the bohai sea, china
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/77918b1dc8d646c48296604f2666cb8a
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Land reclamation pattern and environmental regulation guidelines for port clusters in the Bohai Sea, China

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