Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a heterogeneous group of aging-related disorders featured by progressive impairment of motor and/or cognitive functions, often accompanied by psychiatric disorders. NDs are denoted as ‘protein misfolding’ diseases or proteinopathies, and are classified acco...

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Autores principales:	Claudia Riccardi, Filomena Napolitano, Daniela Montesarchio, Simone Sampaolo, Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	neurodegenerative diseases blood–brain barrier brain targeting nanoformulations drug delivery systems targeted delivery Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77b1725d6d8240d79aa8a62667fd7ff4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77b1725d6d8240d79aa8a62667fd7ff42021-11-25T18:41:36ZNanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases10.3390/pharmaceutics131118971999-4923https://doaj.org/article/77b1725d6d8240d79aa8a62667fd7ff42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1897https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a heterogeneous group of aging-related disorders featured by progressive impairment of motor and/or cognitive functions, often accompanied by psychiatric disorders. NDs are denoted as ‘protein misfolding’ diseases or proteinopathies, and are classified according to their known genetic mechanisms and/or the main protein involved in disease onset and progression. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD) are included under this nosographic umbrella, sharing histopathologically salient features, including deposition of insoluble proteins, activation of glial cells, loss of neuronal cells and synaptic connectivity. To date, there are no effective cures or disease-modifying therapies for these NDs. Several compounds have not shown efficacy in clinical trials, since they generally fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that greatly limits the brain internalization of endogenous substances. By engineering materials of a size usually within 1–100 nm, nanotechnology offers an alternative approach for promising and innovative therapeutic solutions in NDs. Nanoparticles can cross the BBB and release active molecules at target sites in the brain, minimizing side effects. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanoengineered delivery systems for brain targeting in the treatment of AD, PD and HD.Claudia RiccardiFilomena NapolitanoDaniela MontesarchioSimone SampaoloMariarosa Anna Beatrice MeloneMDPI AGarticleneurodegenerative diseasesblood–brain barrierbrain targetingnanoformulationsdrug delivery systemstargeted deliveryPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1897, p 1897 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	neurodegenerative diseases blood–brain barrier brain targeting nanoformulations drug delivery systems targeted delivery Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	neurodegenerative diseases blood–brain barrier brain targeting nanoformulations drug delivery systems targeted delivery Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Claudia Riccardi Filomena Napolitano Daniela Montesarchio Simone Sampaolo Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases
description	Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a heterogeneous group of aging-related disorders featured by progressive impairment of motor and/or cognitive functions, often accompanied by psychiatric disorders. NDs are denoted as ‘protein misfolding’ diseases or proteinopathies, and are classified according to their known genetic mechanisms and/or the main protein involved in disease onset and progression. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD) are included under this nosographic umbrella, sharing histopathologically salient features, including deposition of insoluble proteins, activation of glial cells, loss of neuronal cells and synaptic connectivity. To date, there are no effective cures or disease-modifying therapies for these NDs. Several compounds have not shown efficacy in clinical trials, since they generally fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that greatly limits the brain internalization of endogenous substances. By engineering materials of a size usually within 1–100 nm, nanotechnology offers an alternative approach for promising and innovative therapeutic solutions in NDs. Nanoparticles can cross the BBB and release active molecules at target sites in the brain, minimizing side effects. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanoengineered delivery systems for brain targeting in the treatment of AD, PD and HD.
format	article
author	Claudia Riccardi Filomena Napolitano Daniela Montesarchio Simone Sampaolo Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
author_facet	Claudia Riccardi Filomena Napolitano Daniela Montesarchio Simone Sampaolo Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
author_sort	Claudia Riccardi
title	Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_short	Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full	Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_fullStr	Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_sort	nanoparticle-guided brain drug delivery: expanding the therapeutic approach to neurodegenerative diseases
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/77b1725d6d8240d79aa8a62667fd7ff4
work_keys_str_mv	AT claudiariccardi nanoparticleguidedbraindrugdeliveryexpandingthetherapeuticapproachtoneurodegenerativediseases AT filomenanapolitano nanoparticleguidedbraindrugdeliveryexpandingthetherapeuticapproachtoneurodegenerativediseases AT danielamontesarchio nanoparticleguidedbraindrugdeliveryexpandingthetherapeuticapproachtoneurodegenerativediseases AT simonesampaolo nanoparticleguidedbraindrugdeliveryexpandingthetherapeuticapproachtoneurodegenerativediseases AT mariarosaannabeatricemelone nanoparticleguidedbraindrugdeliveryexpandingthetherapeuticapproachtoneurodegenerativediseases
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Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases

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