Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques

Background: Wildfire smoke is responsible for around 20% of all particulate emissions in the U.S. and affects millions of people worldwide. Children are especially vulnerable, as ambient air pollution exposure during early childhood is associated with reduced lung function. Most studies, however, ha...

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Autores principales:	Anthony P. Brown, Lucy Cai, Benjamin I. Laufer, Lisa A. Miller, Janine M. LaSalle, Hong Ji
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	Wildfire smoke Whole genome bisulfite sequencing RNA-sequencing Rhesus macaques Early life Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77cc765134bf4124830d3738f9a98a99
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77cc765134bf4124830d3738f9a98a992021-11-26T04:23:36ZLong-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques0160-412010.1016/j.envint.2021.106993https://doaj.org/article/77cc765134bf4124830d3738f9a98a992022-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021006188https://doaj.org/toc/0160-4120Background: Wildfire smoke is responsible for around 20% of all particulate emissions in the U.S. and affects millions of people worldwide. Children are especially vulnerable, as ambient air pollution exposure during early childhood is associated with reduced lung function. Most studies, however, have focused on the short-term impacts of wildfire smoke exposures. We aimed to identify long-term baseline epigenetic changes associated with early-life exposure to wildfire smoke. We collected nasal epithelium samples for whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) from two groups of adult female rhesus macaques: one group born just before the 2008 California wildfire season and exposed to wildfire smoke during early-life (n = 8), and the other group born in 2009 with no wildfire smoke exposure during early-life (n = 14). RNA-sequencing was also performed on a subset of these samples. Results: We identified 3370 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (difference in methylation ≥ 5%, empirical p < 0.05) and 1 differentially expressed gene (FLOT2) (FDR < 0.05, fold of change ≥ 1.2). The DMRs were annotated to genes significantly enriched for synaptogenesis signaling, protein kinase A signaling, and a variety of immune processes, and some DMRs significantly correlated with gene expression differences. DMRs were also significantly enriched within regions of bivalent chromatin (top odds ratio = 1.46, q-value < 3 × 10-6) that often silence key developmental genes while keeping them poised for activation in pluripotent cells. Conclusions: These data suggest that early-life exposure to wildfire smoke leads to long-term changes in the methylome over genes impacting the nervous and immune systems. Follow-up studies will be required to test whether these changes influence transcription following an immune/respiratory challenge.Anthony P. BrownLucy CaiBenjamin I. LauferLisa A. MillerJanine M. LaSalleHong JiElsevierarticleWildfire smokeWhole genome bisulfite sequencingRNA-sequencingRhesus macaquesEarly lifeEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENEnvironment International, Vol 158, Iss , Pp 106993- (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Wildfire smoke Whole genome bisulfite sequencing RNA-sequencing Rhesus macaques Early life Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Wildfire smoke Whole genome bisulfite sequencing RNA-sequencing Rhesus macaques Early life Environmental sciences GE1-350 Anthony P. Brown Lucy Cai Benjamin I. Laufer Lisa A. Miller Janine M. LaSalle Hong Ji Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques
description	Background: Wildfire smoke is responsible for around 20% of all particulate emissions in the U.S. and affects millions of people worldwide. Children are especially vulnerable, as ambient air pollution exposure during early childhood is associated with reduced lung function. Most studies, however, have focused on the short-term impacts of wildfire smoke exposures. We aimed to identify long-term baseline epigenetic changes associated with early-life exposure to wildfire smoke. We collected nasal epithelium samples for whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) from two groups of adult female rhesus macaques: one group born just before the 2008 California wildfire season and exposed to wildfire smoke during early-life (n = 8), and the other group born in 2009 with no wildfire smoke exposure during early-life (n = 14). RNA-sequencing was also performed on a subset of these samples. Results: We identified 3370 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (difference in methylation ≥ 5%, empirical p < 0.05) and 1 differentially expressed gene (FLOT2) (FDR < 0.05, fold of change ≥ 1.2). The DMRs were annotated to genes significantly enriched for synaptogenesis signaling, protein kinase A signaling, and a variety of immune processes, and some DMRs significantly correlated with gene expression differences. DMRs were also significantly enriched within regions of bivalent chromatin (top odds ratio = 1.46, q-value < 3 × 10-6) that often silence key developmental genes while keeping them poised for activation in pluripotent cells. Conclusions: These data suggest that early-life exposure to wildfire smoke leads to long-term changes in the methylome over genes impacting the nervous and immune systems. Follow-up studies will be required to test whether these changes influence transcription following an immune/respiratory challenge.
format	article
author	Anthony P. Brown Lucy Cai Benjamin I. Laufer Lisa A. Miller Janine M. LaSalle Hong Ji
author_facet	Anthony P. Brown Lucy Cai Benjamin I. Laufer Lisa A. Miller Janine M. LaSalle Hong Ji
author_sort	Anthony P. Brown
title	Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques
title_short	Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques
title_full	Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques
title_fullStr	Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques
title_full_unstemmed	Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques
title_sort	long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/77cc765134bf4124830d3738f9a98a99
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Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques

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