Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the insecticidal properties of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for their virulence against different larval instars of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). Both fungi were either applied alone or in combi...

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Autores principales:	Waqas Wakil, Muhammad Yasin, David Shapiro-Ilan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77ceb9793cf3435bbebaad72d3ca8cdb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77ceb9793cf3435bbebaad72d3ca8cdb2021-12-02T12:32:13ZEffects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)10.1038/s41598-017-05615-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/77ceb9793cf3435bbebaad72d3ca8cdb2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05615-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the insecticidal properties of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for their virulence against different larval instars of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). Both fungi were either applied alone or in combination, with H. bacteriophora simultaneously or 1 and 2 weeks after fungal application; EPN were also applied alone. Moreover, assessment of host development, diet consumption, frass production and weight gain were observed at sub-lethal dose rates. In combined treatments, additive and synergistic interactions were observed. Synergism was observed more frequently in H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combinations than in H. bacteriophora + M. anisopliae combinations, and was higher in early instars than old instars. In 2nd and 4th instars, synergy was noted in H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combinations at 0, 7 and 14 d intervals and in 6th instar synergy was observed only in H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combinations (at 0 and 7 d intervals). A decrease in pupation, adult emergence and egg hatching was enhanced in the combined treatments. Furthermore, reduced weights and variation in duration of insect developmental stages were observed among entomopathogens and enhanced in H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combinations. Larvae treated with sub-lethal concentrations exhibited reductions in food consumption, growth and frass production and weight gain.Waqas WakilMuhammad YasinDavid Shapiro-IlanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Waqas Wakil Muhammad Yasin David Shapiro-Ilan Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
description	Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the insecticidal properties of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for their virulence against different larval instars of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). Both fungi were either applied alone or in combination, with H. bacteriophora simultaneously or 1 and 2 weeks after fungal application; EPN were also applied alone. Moreover, assessment of host development, diet consumption, frass production and weight gain were observed at sub-lethal dose rates. In combined treatments, additive and synergistic interactions were observed. Synergism was observed more frequently in H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combinations than in H. bacteriophora + M. anisopliae combinations, and was higher in early instars than old instars. In 2nd and 4th instars, synergy was noted in H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combinations at 0, 7 and 14 d intervals and in 6th instar synergy was observed only in H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combinations (at 0 and 7 d intervals). A decrease in pupation, adult emergence and egg hatching was enhanced in the combined treatments. Furthermore, reduced weights and variation in duration of insect developmental stages were observed among entomopathogens and enhanced in H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combinations. Larvae treated with sub-lethal concentrations exhibited reductions in food consumption, growth and frass production and weight gain.
format	article
author	Waqas Wakil Muhammad Yasin David Shapiro-Ilan
author_facet	Waqas Wakil Muhammad Yasin David Shapiro-Ilan
author_sort	Waqas Wakil
title	Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
title_short	Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
title_full	Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
title_fullStr	Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
title_sort	effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/77ceb9793cf3435bbebaad72d3ca8cdb
work_keys_str_mv	AT waqaswakil effectsofsingleandcombinedapplicationsofentomopathogenicfungiandnematodesagainstrhynchophorusferrugineusolivier AT muhammadyasin effectsofsingleandcombinedapplicationsofentomopathogenicfungiandnematodesagainstrhynchophorusferrugineusolivier AT davidshapiroilan effectsofsingleandcombinedapplicationsofentomopathogenicfungiandnematodesagainstrhynchophorusferrugineusolivier
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Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)

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