Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain

Abstract Cognitively demanding experiences, including complex skill acquisition and processing, have been shown to induce brain adaptations, at least at the macroscopic level, e.g. on brain volume and/or functional connectivity. However, the neurobiological bases of these adaptations, including at t...

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Autores principales:	Christos Pliatsikas, S. M. Pereira Soares, T. Voits, V. Deluca, J. Rothman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/77d2185761df4e729374a582b09a91de
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:77d2185761df4e729374a582b09a91de2021-12-02T13:26:42ZBilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain10.1038/s41598-021-86443-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/77d2185761df4e729374a582b09a91de2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86443-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cognitively demanding experiences, including complex skill acquisition and processing, have been shown to induce brain adaptations, at least at the macroscopic level, e.g. on brain volume and/or functional connectivity. However, the neurobiological bases of these adaptations, including at the cellular level, are unclear and understudied. Here we use bilingualism as a case study to investigate the metabolic correlates of experience-based brain adaptations. We employ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to measure metabolite concentrations in the basal ganglia, a region critical to language control which is reshaped by bilingualism. Our results show increased myo-Inositol and decreased N-acetyl aspartate concentrations in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. Both metabolites are linked to synaptic pruning, a process underlying experience-based brain restructuring. Interestingly, both concentrations correlate with relative amount of bilingual engagement. This suggests that degree of long-term cognitive experiences matters at the level of metabolic concentrations, which might accompany, if not drive, macroscopic brain adaptations.Christos PliatsikasS. M. Pereira SoaresT. VoitsV. DelucaJ. RothmanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Christos Pliatsikas S. M. Pereira Soares T. Voits V. Deluca J. Rothman Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
description	Abstract Cognitively demanding experiences, including complex skill acquisition and processing, have been shown to induce brain adaptations, at least at the macroscopic level, e.g. on brain volume and/or functional connectivity. However, the neurobiological bases of these adaptations, including at the cellular level, are unclear and understudied. Here we use bilingualism as a case study to investigate the metabolic correlates of experience-based brain adaptations. We employ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to measure metabolite concentrations in the basal ganglia, a region critical to language control which is reshaped by bilingualism. Our results show increased myo-Inositol and decreased N-acetyl aspartate concentrations in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. Both metabolites are linked to synaptic pruning, a process underlying experience-based brain restructuring. Interestingly, both concentrations correlate with relative amount of bilingual engagement. This suggests that degree of long-term cognitive experiences matters at the level of metabolic concentrations, which might accompany, if not drive, macroscopic brain adaptations.
format	article
author	Christos Pliatsikas S. M. Pereira Soares T. Voits V. Deluca J. Rothman
author_facet	Christos Pliatsikas S. M. Pereira Soares T. Voits V. Deluca J. Rothman
author_sort	Christos Pliatsikas
title	Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
title_short	Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
title_full	Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
title_fullStr	Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
title_full_unstemmed	Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
title_sort	bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/77d2185761df4e729374a582b09a91de
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Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain

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